ArticleCell1991
Direct repeats as selective response elements for the thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 receptors.
Article in Cell, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 448 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
448 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,740 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D-regulated Gene Expression Profiles: Species-specificity and Cell-specific Effects on Metabolism and Immunity.Endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- American Thyroid Association Guide to investigating thyroid hormone economy and action in rodent and cell models.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2014Guideline
- Cooperation or Conflict? Molecular and Physiological Cross-Talk Between the Aryl Hydrocarbon and Vitamin D Receptors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Mechanisms of Vitamin D in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The human THRB thyroid hormone receptor gene and the puzzle of retinal disease phenotypes.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Genome-wide chromatin profiling reveals a nonlimiting role for RXR in macrophage-like cells stimulated with multiple nuclear receptor agonists.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Receptor Signaling and Ligand Modulation: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting the ERα DBD-LBD Interface with Mitoxantrone Disrupts Receptor Function through Proteasomal Degradation.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Chromatin and transcriptional dynamics underlying the immune-modulatory effects of vitamin DScientific reports · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between thyroid hormones and the central corticotropin-releasing factor system in Atlantic salmon.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Retinoic acid receptor assembly dynamics governs dual functions in cochlear organogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Genomic regions occupied by both RARα and VDR are involved in the convergence and cooperation of retinoid and vitamin D signaling pathways.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Cosmetic retinoid use in photoaged skin: A review of the compounds, their use and mechanisms of action.International journal of cosmetic science · 2025Review
- Autism spectrum disorder and the role of nuclear hormone receptors: insights and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Targeting THR-β for MASLD: Mechanisms and Drug Development.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Structural basis for C. elegans pairing center DNA binding specificity by the ZIM/HIM-8 family proteins.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Calcifediol boosts efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine by upregulating genes promoting memory T cell responses.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Vitamin D and Aging: Central Role of Immunocompetence.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Vitamin D and Sarcopenia in the Senior People: A Review of Mechanisms and Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment Strategies.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2024Review
- Cannabidiol promotes intestinal cholesterol uptake mediated by Pregnane X receptor.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
388 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We report here the identification of thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) that consist of a direct repeat, not a palindrome, of the half-sites. Unlike palindromic TREs, direct repeat TREs do not confer a retinoic acid response. The tandem TRE can be converted into a retinoic acid response element by increasing the spacing between the half-sites by 1 nucleotide, and the resulting retinoic acid response element is no longer a TRE. Decreasing the half-site spacing by 1 nucleotide converts the TRE to a vitamin D3 response element, while eliminating response to T3. These results correlate well with DNA-binding affinities of the thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3 receptors. This study points to the general importance of tandem repeat hormone response elements and suggests a simple physiologic code exists in which half-site spacing plays a critical role in achieving selective hormonal response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.