ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2006
Sodium in the Finnish diet: 20-year trends in urinary sodium excretion among the adult population.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Salt Reduction Initiatives Around the World: A Midterm Evaluation of Progress Towards the 2025 Global Non-Communicable Diseases Salt Reduction Target.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Comparison of 24-hour urine and 24-hour diet recall for estimating dietary sodium intake in populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Pooled it
- Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction: a Cochrane Review.International journal of epidemiology · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of dietary salt reduction policies: Evidence for an effectiveness hierarchy?PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Feasibility and antihypertensive effect of replacing regular salt with mineral salt -rich in magnesium and potassium- in subjects with mildly elevated blood pressure.Nutrition journal · 2011Trial
- Metabolic traits in obesity and normal BMI in industrialised countries: a multi-country analysis of national population-based studies.Lancet (London, England) · 2026Article
- From Progress to Plateau: 50-Year Trends in Hypertension Prevalence and Salt Intake in the Finnish Population.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Estimated health and economic effects of different salt reduction strategies on cardiovascular disease in Brazil: a microsimulation analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Salt intake among adults in Kuwait: a nationally representative study using 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Lack of Association Between Sodium Intake and Cytokine Levels.Integrated blood pressure control · 2024Article
- Sodium - a systematic review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Review
- Outcomes of a state-wide salt reduction initiative in adults living in Victoria, Australia.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Reducing daily salt intake in China by 1 g could prevent almost 9 million cardiovascular events by 2030: a modelling study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2022Article
- How to prevent non-communicable diseases? - A continuous need for a better understanding of the role of nutritional factors through scientific research.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Review
- Article
- The impact of excessive salt intake on human health.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- National and sub-national trends of salt intake in Iranians from 2000 to 2016: a systematic analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Association of Salt-Reduction Knowledge and Behaviors and Salt Intake in Chinese Population.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHigh sodium intake increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and may also be associated with higher rates of stomach cancer, asthma disorders and infections. In Finland, cross-sectional population surveys to monitor cardiovascular risk factors have been carried out since the 1970s. The main aim of this paper is to present trends in urinary sodium and potassium excretion from 1979 to 2002.
designCross-sectional population surveys on cardiovascular risk factors.
settingSurveys were carried out in Finland in 1979, 1982, 1987 and 2002 in four geographical areas: North Karelia, the Kuopio area, Southwestern Finland and the Helsinki area. SUBJECTS: For each survey a random sample stratified by age and sex was drawn from the population register. In this analysis, participants of urine collection subsamples aged 25-64 years (n = 4648) were included.
interventionsA 24-h urinary collection was carried out in subsamples (n = 2218-2487) in connection with population risk factor surveys. Urinary sodium and potassium concentrations were analyzed in the same laboratory throughout, using a flame photometer in 1979, 1982 and 1987 and an ion-selective electrode in 2002.
resultsBetween 1979 and 2002 urinary sodium excretion in Finland decreased from over 220 to less than 170 mmol/day among men and from nearly 180 to less than 130 mmol/day among women. Although potassium excretion decreased somewhat as well, the decrease in sodium-potassium molar ratio was also significant.
conclusionsThe 24-h urinary sodium excretion in Finland has decreased significantly during the last 20 years. However, excretion levels are still considerably higher than recommendations. A further decrease in sodium intake remains a goal for the Finnish food industry and consumers. SPONSORSHIP: All surveys were funded by the National Public Health Institute in Finland.
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