ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
Z-DNA-forming sequences generate large-scale deletions in mammalian cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated overview of experimental and computational approaches to identify non-canonical DNA/RNA structures with emphasis on G-quadruplexes and R-loops.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2022Pooled it
- Z-DNA-associated genomic instability in the human pangenome.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- Z-DNA-induced genomic instability in the human pangenome.Research square · 2026Article
- Coordinated RNA- and protein-templated synthesis of double-stranded DNA by a dual reverse transcriptase immune system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biomolecular and cellular chirality: Novel diagnostic perspectives for diseases.APL bioengineering · 2026Review
- MACRO-MOLECULAR CROWDING FAVORS WRITHE IN UNWOUND DNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Aging alters DNA structure-induced genetic instability in mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Oxidative DNA Damage Exacerbates the Mutagenic Potential of Alternative DNA Structures via Altered DNA Repair Processing.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2026Article
- Non-B DNA structures and their contributions to genetic diversity, aging, and disease.Nucleic acids research · 2026Review
- Formation and biological implications of Z-DNA.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2026Review
- Discovering, Integrating, and Reinterpreting the Molecular Logic of Life: From Classical Theories of Heredity to an Extended Functional Perspective on the Central Dogma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Characterization of Z-DNA dynamics across the tree of life.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Base excision repair within structure-forming repeat sequences and its impact on cancer and other diseases.NAR cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- How DNA secondary structures drive replication fork instability.DNA repair · 2025Review
- Mlh1-Pms1 couples ATP-driven DNA compaction with nick-dependent endonuclease activation.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Z-GENIE: a user-friendly R/Shiny resource for predicting Z-DNA forming regions in DNA.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Aging alters genomic instability at endogenous mutation hotspots in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spontaneous chromosomal breakages frequently occur at genomic hot spots in the absence of DNA damage and can result in translocation-related human disease. Chromosomal breakpoints are often mapped near purine-pyrimidine Z-DNA-forming sequences in human tumors. However, it is not known whether Z-DNA plays a role in the generation of these chromosomal breakages. Here, we show that Z-DNA-forming sequences induce high levels of genetic instability in both bacterial and mammalian cells. In mammalian cells, the Z-DNA-forming sequences induce double-strand breaks nearby, resulting in large-scale deletions in 95% of the mutants. These Z-DNA-induced double-strand breaks in mammalian cells are not confined to a specific sequence but rather are dispersed over a 400-bp region, consistent with chromosomal breakpoints in human diseases. This observation is in contrast to the mutations generated in Escherichia coli that are predominantly small deletions within the repeats. We found that the frequency of small deletions is increased by replication in mammalian cell extracts. Surprisingly, the large-scale deletions generated in mammalian cells are, at least in part, replication-independent and are likely initiated by repair processing cleavages surrounding the Z-DNA-forming sequence. These results reveal that mammalian cells process Z-DNA-forming sequences in a strikingly different fashion from that used by bacteria. Our data suggest that Z-DNA-forming sequences may be causative factors for gene translocations found in leukemias and lymphomas and that certain cellular conditions such as active transcription may increase the risk of Z-DNA-related genetic instability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.