ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2006
Gamma interferon production in response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tuberculosis in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- BCG vaccination induces HIV target cell activation in HIV-exposed infants in a randomized trial.JCI insight · 2017Trial
- Vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants according to HIV status.Medicine · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Immunogenicity of BCG in HIV-exposed and non-exposed infants following routine birth or delayed vaccination.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2015Trial
- Delaying BCG vaccination until 8 weeks of age results in robust BCG-specific T-cell responses in HIV-exposed infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Gut microbiota and other factors associated with increased T cell regulation in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Impaired functionality of antigen presenting cells in HIV- exposed uninfected infants in the first six months of life.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure but Not Early Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Increased Hospitalization and Decreased Memory T-Cell Responses to Tetanus Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Impact of maternal HIV exposure, feeding status, and microbiome on infant cellular immunity.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Review
- HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Have Increased Regulatory T Cells That Correlate With Decreased T Cell Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Factors Associated with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infection on Infant Responses to Vaccines: A Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- B and T Cell Phenotypic Profiles of African HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: Associations with Antibody Responses to the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Tuberculosis Infection in Early Childhood and the Association with HIV-exposure in HIV-uninfected Children in Rural Uganda.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2016Article
- The impact of HIV exposure and maternal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on infant immune responses to bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Article
- High prevalence of tuberculosis infection in HIV-1 exposed Kenyan infants.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2014Article
- HIV-exposed uninfected children: a growing population with a vulnerable immune system?Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Review
- Immunology of pediatric HIV infection.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In utero sensitization to infectious pathogens can establish immunological memory and may influence the immune response to unrelated antigens. Little is known about the influence of intrauterine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure on the cellular immune response to mycobacterial antigens. Whole-blood culture gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in response to mycobacterial antigens was measured at birth and 6 weeks of age to determine the characteristics of the IFN-gamma response in HIV-exposed infants to Mycobacterium bovis BCG and mycobacterial antigens. At birth, we observed an increased immune activation in response to phytohemagglutinin among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. In a proportion of these infants, we also observed an increased immune activation in response to purified protein derivative, BCG, and early secreted antigen target 6. Increases in the IFN-gamma response to the four antigens between birth and 6 weeks of age, observed in all HIV-unexposed infants, was absent in a substantial proportion of HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. The immunological differences persisted at 6 weeks of age, suggesting a sustained impact of in utero immune priming by HIV. Intrauterine exposure to HIV affects the infants' cellular immune response to mycobacterial antigens, either specifically or as a consequence of nonspecific, broadly reactive immune activation. Further studies will be important to help determine optimal vaccination and disease prevention strategies for this vulnerable population group.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.