ArticleNucleic acids research2006
The dicistronic RNA from the mouse LINE-1 retrotransposon contains an internal ribosome entry site upstream of each ORF: implications for retrotransposition.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- LINE-1 Epigenetic Repression and Regulation of Immunity.Viruses · 2026Review
- Internal ribosome entry sites enhance translation in trans in antisense non-coding SINEUP and circular RNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Single-cell parallel analysis of DNA damage and transcriptome reveals selective genome vulnerability.Nature methods · 2025Article
- Small circular RNAs as vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Celine, a long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposon, colonizes in the centromeres of poplar chromosomes.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- TheViruses · 2024Article
- Review
- Regulation of LINE-1 Elements by miR-128 Is Not Conserved in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Article
- The Evolution of LINE-1 in Vertebrates.Genome biology and evolution · 2016Article
- Characterization of new transposable element sub-families from white clover (Trifolium repens) using PCR amplification.Genetica · 2016Article
- Restricting retrotransposons: a review.Mobile DNA · 2016Review
- The Influence of LINE-1 and SINE Retrotransposons on Mammalian Genomes.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Review
- Reviving the dead: history and reactivation of an extinct l1.PLoS genetics · 2014Article
- Development of a monoclonal antibody specific to the endonuclease domain of the human LINE-1 ORF2 protein.Mobile DNA · 2014Article
- Expression and detection of LINE-1 ORF-encoded proteins.Mobile genetic elements · 2014Article
- Potential for genomic instability associated with retrotranspositionally-incompetent L1 loci.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- hnRNPL and nucleolin bind LINE-1 RNA and function as host factors to modulate retrotransposition.Nucleic acids research · 2013Article
- Cryptic transcripts from a ubiquitous plasmid origin of replication confound tests for cis-regulatory function.Nucleic acids research · 2012Article
- Pr77 and L1TcRz: A dual system within the 5'-end of L1Tc retrotransposon, internal promoter and HDV-like ribozyme.Mobile genetic elements · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most eukaryotic mRNAs are monocistronic and translated by cap-dependent initiation. LINE-1 RNA is exceptional because it is naturally dicistronic, encoding two proteins essential for retrotransposition, ORF1p and ORF2p. Here, we show that sequences upstream of ORF1 and ORF2 in mouse L1 function as internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes). Deletion analysis of the ORF1 IRES indicates that RNA structure is critical for its function. Conversely, the ORF2 IRES localizes to 53 nt near the 3' end of ORF1, and appears to depend upon sequence rather than structure. The 40 nt intergenic region (IGR) is not essential for ORF2 IRES function or retrotransposition. Because of strong cis-preference for both proteins during L1 retrotransposition, correct stoichiometry of the two proteins can only be achieved post-transcriptionally. Although the precise stoichiometry is unknown, the retrotransposition intermediate likely contains hundreds of ORF1ps for every ORF2p, together with one L1 RNA. IRES-mediated translation initiation is a well-established mechanism of message-specific regulation, hence, unique mechanisms for the recognition and control of these two IRESes in the L1 RNA could explain differences in translational efficiency of ORF1 and ORF2. In addition, translational regulation may provide an additional layer of control on L1 retrotransposition efficiency, thereby protecting the integrity of the genome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.