Trial reportArchives of general psychiatry2006
Injectable, sustained-release naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Archives of general psychiatry, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03678792 (Time to Detox), which is not on this map. Cited by 170 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Time to Detox: A Patient-Centered Comparison of Length of Detoxification Treatment and Time to Naltrexone Maintenance Therapy in Opioid-Dependent Individuals
Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Drug delivery strategies for the treatment of relapse behavior in substance use disorder- A systematic review.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of naltrexone on retention in treatment and being opioid-free in opioid-dependent people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Diversity inclusion in United States opioid pharmacological treatment trials: A systematic review.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Extended-release injectable naltrexone for opioid use disorder: a systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Naltrexone depot formulations for opioid and alcohol dependence: a systematic review.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2011Pooled it
- Opioid dependence.BMJ clinical evidence · 2011Pooled it
- Opioid dependence.BMJ clinical evidence · 2009Pooled it
- Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2008Pooled it
- Rapid Initiation of Injection Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Surmounting Withdrawal to Initiate Fast Treatment with Naltrexone (SWIFT): A stepped wedge hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Trial
- Patients' experiences of continued treatment with extended-release naltrexone: a Norwegian qualitative study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Patient Characteristics Associated with Opioid Abstinence after Participation in a Trial of Buprenorphine versus Injectable Naltrexone.Substance use & misuse · 2022Trial
- Naturalistic follow-up after a trial of medications for opioid use disorder: Medication status, opioid use, and relapse.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Trial
- Sleep moderates the relationship between stress and craving in individuals with opioid use disorder.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Effects of lorcaserin on oxycodone self-administration and subjective responses in participants with opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Opioid use and dropout from extended-release naltrexone in a controlled trial: implications for mechanism.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Naloxone and Naltrexone Following Intranasal Administration to Healthy Subjects.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2019Trial
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextOral naltrexone can completely antagonize the effects produced by opioid agonists. However, poor compliance with naltrexone has been a major obstacle to the effective treatment of opioid dependence.
objectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a sustained-release depot formulation of naltrexone in treating opioid dependence. DESIGN AND
settingRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial conducted at 2 medical centers.
participantsSixty heroin-dependent adults.
interventionsParticipants were stratified by sex and years of heroin use (> or = 5 vs < 5) and then were randomized to receive placebo or 192 or 384 mg of depot naltrexone. Doses were administered at the beginning of weeks 1 and 5. All participants received twice-weekly relapse prevention therapy, provided observed urine samples, and completed other assessments at each visit.
main outcome measuresRetention in treatment and percentage of opioid-negative urine samples.
resultsRetention in treatment was dose related, with 39%, 60%, and 68% of patients in the placebo, 192 mg of naltrexone, and 384 mg of naltrexone groups, respectively, remaining in treatment at the end of 2 months. Time to dropout had a significant main effect of dose, with mean time to dropout of 27, 36, and 48 days for the placebo, 192 mg of naltrexone, and 384 mg of naltrexone groups, respectively. The percentage of urine samples negative for opioids, methadone, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and amphetamine varied significantly as a function of dose. When the data were recalculated without the assumption that missing urine samples were positive, a main effect of group was not found for any drugs tested except cocaine, where the percentage of cocaine-negative urine samples was lower in the placebo group. Adverse events were minimal and generally mild. This formulation of naltrexone was well tolerated and produced a robust, dose-related increase in treatment retention.
conclusionThese data provide new evidence of the feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of long-lasting antagonist treatments for opioid dependence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.