Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16461655›Full record

ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2006

Novel genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a novel Ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in Japan.

Makoto Kawahara, Yasuko Rikihisa, Quan Lin, Emiko Isogai, Kenji Tahara, Asao Itagaki, Yoshimichi Hiramitsu, Tomoko Tajima

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Genetic Diversity ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
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  4. Genetic Diversity and Novel Lineages ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  5. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Persistence and Transmission Dynamics ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  11. Review of Molecular Tools Used in Diagnosis ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Review
  12. Occurrence of tick-borne haemoparasites in South African rodent species evidence ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Establishment of Pathogen-FreeVeterinary sciences · 2025
    Article
  15. The impact ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  16. Molecular survey of Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and hemoplasmas in small synanthropic mammals in urban areas of Brazil's northern Amazon region.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. First Report ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Makoto KawaharaNagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
Yasuko Rikihisa
Quan Lin
Emiko Isogai
Kenji Tahara
Asao Itagaki
Yoshimichi Hiramitsu
Tomoko Tajima

Funding

GENE EXPRESSION BY HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS AGR01AI047407 · NIAID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI RIKIHISA, YASUKO · 2000 to 2004
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI047407NIAID NIH HHS R01AI47407
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of several species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma that cause human ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis in the United States and Europe. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma naturally infect deer in Japan. Blood samples obtained from wild deer on two major Japanese islands, Hokkaido and Honshu, were tested for the presence of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma by PCR assays and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, major outer membrane protein p44 genes, and groESL. DNA representing four species and two genera of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma was identified in 33 of 126 wild deer (26%). DNA sequence analysis revealed novel strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a novel Ehrlichia sp., Anaplasma centrale, and Anaplasma bovis in the blood samples from deer. None of these have been found previously in deer. The new Ehrlichia sp., A. bovis, and A. centrale were also detected in Hemaphysalis longicornis ticks from Honshu Island. These results suggest that enzootic cycles of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species distinct from those found in the United States or Europe have been established in wild deer and ticks in Japan.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceAnaplasmaAnaplasma centraleAnaplasma phagocytophilumAnimalsBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBase SequenceDeerDNA, BacterialEhrlichiaGenes, BacterialGenetic VariationIxodesJapanMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenyBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsDNA, Bacterialp44 protein, Anaplasma phagocytophila

Identifiers

PMID16461655
PMCPMC1392898

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.