ArticleDevelopmental cell2006
Stabilization of cell polarity by the C. elegans RING protein PAR-2.
Article in Developmental cell, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- SDS-22 stabilizes GSP-1/-2 PP1 subunits contributing to polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Oligomerization and positive feedback on membrane recruitment encode dynamically stable PAR-3 asymmetries in thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Membrane extraction in native lipid nanodiscs reveals dynamic regulation of Cdc42 complexes during cell polarization.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Internal feedback circuits among MEX-5, MEX-6, and PLK-1 maintain faithful patterning in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Quantitative perturbation-phenotype maps reveal nonlinear responses underlying robustness of PAR-dependent asymmetric cell division.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Optimized PAR-2 RING dimerization mediates cooperative and selective membrane binding for robust cell polarity.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Atypical Protein Kinase C Promotes its own Asymmetric Localisation by Phosphorylating Cdc42 in thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Temporally distinct roles of Aurora A in polarization of the C. elegans zygote.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Origin and development of primary animal epithelia.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Temporally distinct roles of Aurora A in polarization of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Design principles for selective polarization of PAR proteins by cortical flows.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Go with the flow - bulk transport by molecular motors.Journal of cell science · 2023Review
- PP1 phosphatases control PAR-2 localization and polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
- Balancing cell polarity PARts through dephosphorylation.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
- Pole position: How plant cells polarize along the axes.The Plant cell · 2022Review
- Perspectives on Mechanisms Supporting Neuronal Polarity From Small Animals to Humans.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Article
- Going with the flow: insights fromPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Review
- CDC-42 Interactions with Par Proteins Are Critical for Proper Patterning in Polarization.Cells · 2020Article
- Distinct activities of Scrib module proteins organize epithelial polarity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Asymmetric localization of PAR proteins is a hallmark of polarized cells, but the mechanisms that create PAR asymmetry are not well understood. In the C. elegans zygote, PAR asymmetry is initiated by a transient actomyosin contraction, which sweeps the PAR-3/PAR-6/PKC-3 complex toward the anterior pole of the egg. The RING finger protein PAR-2 accumulates in a complementary pattern in the posterior cortex. Here we present evidence that PAR-2 participates in a feedback loop to stabilize polarity. PAR-2 is a target of the PKC-3 kinase and is excluded from the anterior cortex by PKC-3-dependent phosphorylation. The RING domain of PAR-2 is required to overcome inhibition by PKC-3 and stabilize PAR-2 on the posterior cortex. Cortical PAR-2 in turn prevents PAR-3/PAR-6/PKC-3 from returning to the posterior, in a PAR-1- and PAR-5-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that reciprocal inhibitory interactions among PAR proteins stabilize polarity by reinforcing an initial asymmetry in PKC-3.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.