ReviewTheoretical biology & medical modelling2006
An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development.
Review in Theoretical biology & medical modelling, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The tumor-promoting effects of the adaptive immune system: a cause of hyperprogressive disease in cancer?Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Immunoediting: evidence of the multifaceted role of the immune system in self-metastatic tumor growth.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2012Article
- Oral sex, cancer and death: sexually transmitted cancers.Head & neck oncology · 2012Review
- Autoantibodies to mesothelin in infertility.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2011Article
- "First do no harm" and the importance of prediction in oncology.The EPMA journal · 2010Article
- Diversity in specificity, abundance, and composition of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in normal humans: potential implications for disease.Glycobiology · 2008Article
- Anti-inflammatory pretreatment enables an efficient dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against established tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2008Article
- Therapeutic anti-tumor vaccines: from tumor inhibition to enhancement.Clinical medicine. Oncology · 2008Article
- Does the immune reaction cause malignant transformation by disrupting cell-to-cell or cell-to-matrix communications?Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2007Review
- Immunostimulation and immunoinhibition of premalignant lesions.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2007Article
- The biological sense of cancer: a hypothesis.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2006Article
- The paradoxical effects of splenectomy on tumor growth.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe hypothesis of immunosurveillance suggests that new neoplasms arise very frequently, but most are destroyed almost at their inception by an immune response. Its correctness has been debated for many years. In its support, it has been shown that the incidences of many tumor types, though apparently not all, tend to be increased in immunodeficient animals or humans, but this observation does not end the debate. ALTERNATIVE MODEL: There is an alternative to the surveillance hypothesis; numerous studies have shown that the effect of an immune reaction on a tumor is biphasic. For each tumor, there is some quantitatively low level of immune reaction that, relative to no reaction, is facilitating, perhaps even necessary for the tumor's growth in vivo. The optimum level of this facilitating reaction may often be less than the level of immunity that the tumor might engender in a normal subject.
conclusionThe failure of a tumor to grow as well in the normal as it does in the immunosuppressed host is probably not caused by a lack of tumor-cell killing in the suppressed host. Instead, the higher level of immune response in a normal animal, even if it does not rise to tumor-inhibitory levels, probably gives less positive support to tumor growth. This seems more than a semantic distinction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.