ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1991
Molecular basis of apolipoprotein (a) isoform size heterogeneity as revealed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT00005214 (Epidemiology of Genetic Factors in Lipid Metabolism), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Epidemiology of Genetic Factors in Lipid Metabolism
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 409 citations in OpenAlex.
- A genome-wide association meta-analysis on lipoprotein (a) concentrations adjusted for apolipoprotein (a) isoforms.Journal of lipid research · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Hormonal regulation of serum Lp (a) levels. Opposite effects after estrogen treatment and orchidectomy in males with prostatic carcinoma.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1992Trial
- Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A New Era in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal · 2026Review
- Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk in Asian Populations: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2025Review
- Lipoprotein(a): from Causality to Treatment.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Consideration and Application of Lipoprotein(a) in the Risk Assessment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults.CJC open · 2024Review
- Assessment of Apolipoprotein(a) Isoform Size Using Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Lipoprotein(a) beyond the kringle IV repeat polymorphism: The complexity of genetic variation in the LPA gene.Atherosclerosis · 2022Review
- Lipoprotein(a).Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Article
- Lp(a)-Associated Oxidized Phospholipids in Healthy Black and White Participants in Relation to apo(a) Size, Age, and Family Structure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Lipoprotein (a): When to Measure and How to Treat?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2021Review
- The impact of race and ethnicity on lipoprotein(a) levels and cardiovascular risk.Current opinion in lipidology · 2021Review
- Elevated Lipoprotein(a): Background, Current Insights and Future Potential Therapies.Vascular health and risk management · 2021Review
- High resolution structure of human apolipoprotein (a) kringle IV type 2: beyond the lysine binding site.Journal of lipid research · 2020Article
- Investigation of a nonsense mutation located in the complex KIV-2 copy number variation region of apolipoprotein(a) in 10,910 individuals.Genome medicine · 2020Article
- PCSK9 in African Americans and Caucasians in Relation to Lp(a) Level, Apo(a) Size and Heritability.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020Article
- Research progress on alternative non-classical mechanisms of PCSK9 in atherosclerosis in patients with and without diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Review
- PCSK9 loss-of-function variants and Lp(a) phenotypes among black US adults.Journal of lipid research · 2019 · on this mapArticle
- Heritability of apolipoprotein (a) traits in two-generational African-American and Caucasian families.Journal of lipid research · 2019Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein that is distinguished by its content of a glycoprotein called apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Apo(a) varies in size among individuals owing to different numbers of cysteine-rich sequences that are homologous to kringle 4 of plasminogen. The genetic basis for this variation is not understood at the genomic level. In this study we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and genomic blotting to identify a highly polymorphic restriction fragment from the apo(a) gene. The fragment contains multiple tandem repeats of a kringle 4-encoding sequence and varies in length from 48 to 190 kb depending on the number of kringle 4-encoding sequences. A total of 19 different alleles were identified among 102 unrelated Caucasian Americans. 94% of individuals studied had two different alleles which could be distinguished by size on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The degree of size heterogeneity was much greater than had been previously appreciated based on the analysis of the apparent molecular mass of the protein. The size of the apo(a) gene correlated directly with the size of the apo(a) protein, and inversely with the concentration of Lp(a) in plasma. Segregation analysis of the apo(a) gene was performed in families; siblings with identical apo(a) genotypes had similar plasma levels of Lp(a). These results suggest that in the normal population, the level of plasma Lp(a) is largely determined by alleles at the apo(a) locus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.