Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

876 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in neonates and children born SGA. A systematic review and metanalysis.Endocrine · 2025
   Pooled it
2. Impact of Obstetric Complications in Subjects at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025
   Pooled it
3. The association of maternal sugary beverage consumption during pregnancy and the early years with childhood sugary beverage consumption.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2023
   Pooled it
4. The Effect of Maternal Overweight and Obesity Pre-Pregnancy and During Childhood in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review.Nutrients · 2022
   Pooled it
5. Effects of rapid growth on fasting insulin and insulin resistance: a system review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021
   Pooled it
6. Investigating the causal effect of maternal vitamin B12 and folate levels on offspring birthweight.International journal of epidemiology · 2021
   Pooled it
7. The Nutritional Status of Individuals Adopted Internationally as Children: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021
   Pooled it
8. Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children of Women who Took Part in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Preconceptional Nutritional Intervention in Mumbai, India.The Journal of nutrition · 2022
   Trial
9. Reduced adaptive thermogenesis during acute protein-imbalanced overfeeding is a metabolic hallmark of the human thrifty phenotype.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021
   Trial
10. Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: current evidence and future directions.Diabetologia · 2026
    Review
11. Enhanced Metabolic Risks in Patients with Obesity and Nutritional Deficiencies in the U.S.: A TriNetX Study.Nutrients · 2026
    Article
12. Body composition, geography and ethnicity: understanding the associations with health.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Review
13. Birth Weight, Adult Fat Distribution, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk: Sex-Specific Study in a Large Prospective Cohort.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026
    Article
14. Early weaning in pregnant cows as a fetal programming strategy alters the muscle metabotype and carcass traits in Nelore cattle.Tropical animal health and production · 2026
    Article
15. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Critical Link Between Maternal Diet and Offspring Metabolic Health.Biomolecules · 2026
    Review
16. Optimizing Feeding Practices Improves Outcomes During Early Childhood in Former Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Infants.Nutrients · 2026
    Article
17. Body Composition of Healthy Term Indian Newborns by Air Displacement Plethysmography: A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian pediatrics · 2026
    Article
18. From teratogens to trajectories: Integrating teratology and Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) frameworks for a new take on fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).Neurobiology of stress · 2026
    Article
19. Undernutrition-related diabetes in mice is linked to early undernutrition.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
    Article
20. The importance of integrating evolutionary-developmental perspectives into One Health approaches.Bioscience · 2026
    Article

816 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  Infant nutrition and subsequent risk of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.1993
• Commented on by
  --to: Hales CN, Barker DJP (1992) Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia 35:595-601.2003

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as