ArticleJournal of virology2006
Multimeric soluble CD40 ligand and GITR ligand as adjuvants for human immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccines.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A simple and broadly applicable nanobody-based approach to generate potent TNFR agonists.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatics study of CD40 ligand-targeting vaccine constructs: a novel immunotherapeutic approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- GITR activationiScience · 2023Article
- The Dual Role of the Innate Immune System in the Effectiveness of mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Design and selection of anti-PD-L1 single-domain antibody and tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands for an optimal vectorization in an oncolytic virus.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Anti-CD40 Antibodies Fused to CD40 Ligand Have Superagonist Properties.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Anti-CD40 Antibody Fused to CD40 Ligand Is a Superagonist Platform for Adjuvant Intrinsic DC-Targeting Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- DNA Based Vaccine Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike-CD40L Fusion Protein Confers Protection Against Challenge in a Syrian Hamster Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Expression of CD40L by the ALVAC-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vector Abrogates T Cell Responses in Macaques.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Soluble PD-1: Predictive, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Value for Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The Tumor Necrosis Factor Family: Family Conventions and Private Idiosyncrasies.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2018Review
- The promise and challenges of immune agonist antibody development in cancer.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2018Review
- Live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccines delivering SaEsxA and SaEsxB via type III secretion system confer protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Generation and Characterization of Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells For Clinical Transplant Tolerance.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Novel strategies to mimic transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-dependent activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Binding Studies of TNF Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) Receptors on Intact Cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Principles of antibody-mediated TNF receptor activation.Cell death and differentiation · 2015Review
- Article
- Soluble CD40 ligand contributes to dendritic cell-mediated T-cell dysfunction in HIV-1 infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For use in humans, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA vaccines may need to include immunostimulatory adjuvant molecules. CD40 ligand (CD40L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF), is one candidate adjuvant, but it has been difficult to use because it is normally expressed as a trimeric membrane molecule. Soluble trimeric forms of CD40L have been produced, but in vitro data indicate that multimeric, many-trimer forms of soluble CD40L are more active. This multimerization requirement was evaluated in mice using plasmids that encoded either 1-trimer, 2-trimer, or 4-trimer soluble forms of CD40L. Fusion with the body of Acrp30 was used to produce the 2-trimer form, and fusion with the body of surfactant protein D was used to produce the 4-trimer form. Using plasmids for secreted HIV-1 antigens Gag and Env, soluble CD40L was active as an adjuvant in direct proportion to the valence of the trimers (1 < 2 < 4). These CD40L-augmented DNA vaccines elicited strong CD8(+) T-cell responses but did not elicit significant CD4(+) T-cell or antibody responses. To test the applicability of the multimeric fusion protein approach to other TNFSFs, a 4-trimer construct for the ligand of glucocorticoid-induced TNF family-related receptor (GITR) was also prepared. Multimeric soluble GITR ligand (GITRL) augmented the CD8(+) T-cell, CD4(+) T-cell, and antibody responses to DNA vaccination. In summary, multimeric CD40L and GITRL are new adjuvants for DNA vaccines. Plasmids for expressing multimeric TNFSF fusion proteins permit the rapid testing of TNFSF molecules in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.