ArticleJournal of virology2006
Respiratory viruses augment the adhesion of bacterial pathogens to respiratory epithelium in a viral species- and cell type-dependent manner.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 178 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
178 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 352 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the microbial landscape of the nasopharynx in children: a systematic review of studies using next generation sequencing.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Natural Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Associated With Increased Experimental Pneumococcal Carriage but Reduced Conjugate Vaccine Efficacy in a Human Challenge Model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- A decade of endemic human coronaviruses: epidemiological patterns and clinical significance in an adult cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- An Appraisal of the Potential Downstream Benefits of RSV Vaccination in Older Adults.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Nasal microbiome and phageome profiles are associated with prospective respiratory viral infection risk in school-age children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- The limitations of non-mechanistic methods for characterizing pathogen-pathogen interactions: A simulation study.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- IFNL3 reduces replication of CIRDC-associated viruses in canine airway epithelial cells.Virus research · 2026Article
- Live nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae exacerbates respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower airway inflammation.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Review
- Orthogonal CRISPR/Cas system facilitated dual-color fluorescence fiber-embedded optofluidic nano-biochip for parallel amplification-free on-site detection of bacterium and virus.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- The intricate interplay among microbiota, mucosal immunity, and viral infection in the respiratory tract.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Lower respiratory tract co-infection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Metagenomic insights into respiratory viral signatures in lower respiratory tract infections with and without respiratory failure.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Dual threat: Susceptibility mechanisms and treatment strategies for COVID-19 and bacterial co-infections.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in COVID-19 Patients: Etiology and Clinical Impact.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Co-detection of respiratory pathogens among ILI patients: characterization of samples collected during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 pre-pandemic seasons.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Biological puzzles solved by usingJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Airway epithelial CD47 plays a critical role in inducing influenza virus-mediated bacterial super-infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections often complicate respiratory viral infections, but the mechanisms whereby viruses predispose to bacterial disease are not completely understood. We determined the effects of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3), and influenza virus on the abilities of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae to adhere to respiratory epithelial cells and how these viruses alter the expression of known receptors for these bacteria. All viruses enhanced bacterial adhesion to primary and immortalized cell lines. RSV and HPIV-3 infection increased the expression of several known receptors for pathogenic bacteria by primary bronchial epithelial cells and A549 cells but not by primary small airway epithelial cells. Influenza virus infection did not alter receptor expression. Paramyxoviruses augmented bacterial adherence to primary bronchial epithelial cells and immortalized cell lines by up-regulating eukaryotic cell receptors for these pathogens, whereas this mechanism was less significant in primary small airway epithelial cells and in influenza virus infections. Respiratory viruses promote bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells, a process that may increase bacterial colonization and contribute to disease. These studies highlight the distinct responses of different cell types to viral infection and the need to consider this variation when interpreting studies of the interactions between respiratory cells and viral pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.