Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
Zinc supplementation of young men alters metallothionein, zinc transporter, and cytokine gene expression in leukocyte populations.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Metallothionein and Zinc Transporter Expression in Circulating Human Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Zinc Status: a Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2016Pooled it
- Effectiveness of zinc-fortified water on zinc intake, status and morbidity in Kenyan pre-school children: a randomised controlled trial.Public health nutrition · 2018Trial
- Zinc fortification decreases ZIP1 gene expression of some adolescent females with appropriate plasma zinc levels.Nutrients · 2014Trial
- Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles From Infant Formula Milk Powder on Colon Cells In Vitro.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Hepatic zinc deficiency dampens the acute phase response in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Dietary Zinc Supplementation in Steers Modulates Labile Zinc Concentration and Zinc Transporter Gene Expression in Circulating Immune Cells.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- The progress in the relationship between trace elements and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Impact of Maternal and Offspring Dietary Zn Supplementation on Growth Performance and Antioxidant and Immune Function of Offspring Broilers.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of Zinc Lactate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Serum Parameters, and Hepatic Metallothionein of Chinese Yellow-Feathered Broilers.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
- Gustatory and Saliva Secretory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients with Zinc Deficiency.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Zinc Status Impacts the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Downstream Protein Expression in A549 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Gut Villi inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Genotoxicity and Trace Elements Contents Analysis in Nile Tilapia (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?Biological trace element research · 2021Review
- Zinc for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral respiratory infections: a rapid review.Advances in integrative medicine · 2020Article
- Rapid review protocol: Zinc for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other coronavirus-related respiratory tract infections.Integrative medicine research · 2020Article
- Functional Analysis of Two Zinc (Zn) Transporters (International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An effective measure to assess zinc status of humans has remained elusive, in contrast to iron, where a number of indicators of metabolism/function are available. Using monocytes, T lymphocytes, and granulocytes isolated by magnetic sorting and dried blood spots (DBS) derived from 50 mul of peripheral blood, we evaluated the response of metallothionein (MT), zinc transporter, and cytokine genes to a modest (15 mg of Zn per day) dietary zinc supplement in human subjects. Transcript abundance was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR). Zinc supplementation increased MT mRNA abundance by up to 2-fold in RNA from leukocyte subsets, and 4-fold in RNA from DBS. Transcript levels for the zinc transporter genes ZnT1 and Zip3 were increased and decreased, respectively, by zinc supplementation. Expression of the ZnT and Zip genes among leukocyte subsets differ by up to 270-fold. Monocytes and granulocytes from supplemented subjects were activated by LPS, whereas T lymphocytes were activated by mimicking antigen presentation. With zinc consumption, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression was greater in activated monocytes and granulocytes, and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were higher in activated T lymphocytes. These studies show that QRT-PCR is a tool to reliably measure transcript abundance for nutritionally responsive genes in human subjects, and that a small sample of whole dried blood, when appropriately collected, can be used as the source of total RNA for QRT-PCR analysis. The results obtained also show that zinc supplementation of human subjects programs specific leukocytic subsets to show enhanced cytokine expression upon activation by stimulators of immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.