ArticleNature immunology2006
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Nef suppresses CD40-dependent immunoglobulin class switching in bystander B cells.
Article in Nature immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 119 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of functional antibody and memory B-cell responses to pH1N1 monovalent vaccine in HIV-infected children and youth.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Virologic and immunologic correlates with the magnitude of antibody responses to the hepatitis A vaccine in HIV-infected children on highly active antiretroviral treatment.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2009Trial
- Antiretroviral therapy interferes with pseudovirus neutralization assays while Gag-specific T-cells influence mRNA vaccine outcomes in HIV patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Modeling of longitudinal immune profiles reveals distinct immunogenic signatures following five COVID-19 vaccinations among people living with HIV.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- HIV-1 Nef activates proviral DNA transcription by recruiting Src kinase to phosphorylate host protein Nef-associated factor 1 to compromise its viral restrictive function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- SIV-specific neutralizing antibody induction following selection of a PI3K drive-attenuatedeLife · 2025Article
- The Impact of HIV on B Cell Compartment and Its Implications for COVID-19 Vaccinations in People with HIV.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Nef defect attenuates HIV viremia and immune dysregulation in the bone marrow-liver-thymus-spleen (BLTS) humanized mouse model.Virology · 2024Article
- Microbicides for Topical HIV Immunoprophylaxis: Current Status and Future Prospects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Intercellular Transport of Viral Proteins.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- HIV-1 Nef Changes the Proteome of T Cells Extracellular Vesicles Depleting IFITMs and Other Antiviral Factors.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2023Article
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and their effect on HIV reservoir in older people with HIV.iScience · 2023Article
- Variation in blood microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to immune reconstitution in response to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations and Their Regulatory Potential in the Context of HIV and Other Chronic Inflammatory Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on pulmonary vascular disease.Global cardiology science & practice · 2021Review
- Oncogenic Effects of HIV-1 Proteins, Mechanisms Behind.Cancers · 2021Review
- Impact of HIV-1 Vpr manipulation of the DNA repair enzyme UNG2 on B lymphocyte class switch recombination.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
- Antibody-based therapeutic interventions: possible strategy to counter chikungunya viral infection.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Correction · 2016-09-20Duplication of Data · Duplication of/in Image · Error in Data · Error in Image · Updated to Retraction · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/8FB15C5DF4CE92257FA3F41AF8B328
- Retraction · 2026-06-10Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of Data · Duplication of/in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · Unreliable Data · Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s) · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/8FB15C5DF4CE92257FA3F41AF8B328
- Commented on byNef: out and in?2006
- Erratum issued
- Retracted
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunoglobulin class switching from immunoglobulin M (IgM) to IgG and IgA is central to immunity against viruses and requires the activation of B cells by T cells via CD154 (CD40 ligand) and cytokines. These molecules limit their signaling activity in immune cells by turning on negative feedback proteins, including IkappaB and SOCS. We show here that negative factor (Nef) protein, an immunosuppressive human immunodeficiency virus 1 protein expressed and released by infected cells, penetrates B cells both in vivo and in vitro. Nef suppressed immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination by inducing IkappaBalpha and SOCS proteins, which blocked CD154 and cytokine signaling via NF-kappaB and STAT transcription factors. Thus, human immunodeficiency virus 1 may evade protective T cell-dependent IgG and IgA responses by 'hijacking' physiological feedback inhibitors in B cells via Nef.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.