ArticleInfection and immunity2006
The protozoan Neospora caninum directly triggers bovine NK cells to produce gamma interferon and to kill infected fibroblasts.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- NcROP2 deletion reducesFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mouse innate resistance tomSphere · 2024Article
- Congenital Transmission of Apicomplexan Parasites: A Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- From Signaling Pathways to Distinct Immune Responses: Key Factors for Establishing or CombatingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Use of IFN-Based Biotherapeutics to Harness the Host Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Review
- The Different Tactics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus to Evade Innate Immunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Bovine Neonatal Monocytes Display Phenotypic Differences Compared With Adults After Challenge With the Infectious Abortifacient AgentFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Bottlenose dolphins (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2017Article
- Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Cast Neutrophil Extracellular Traps against the Abortive ParasiteFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Enrichment of IFN-γ producing cells in different murine adipose tissue depots upon infection with an apicomplexan parasite.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Predominant role of interferon-γ in the host protective effect of CD8(+) T cells against Neospora caninum infection.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Macrophage depletion prior to Neospora caninum infection results in severe neosporosis in mice.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- NKp46+ CD3+ cells: a novel nonconventional T cell subset in cattle exhibiting both NK cell and T cell features.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- Development of maternal and foetal immune responses in cattle following experimental challenge with Neospora caninum at day 210 of gestation.Veterinary research · 2013Article
- Cell mediated innate responses of cattle and swine are diverse during foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection: a unique landscape of innate immunity.Immunology letters · 2013Review
- Memory CD4+ T cells are required for optimal NK cell effector functions against the opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis murina.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Maternal and foetal immune responses of cattle following an experimental challenge with Neospora caninum at day 70 of gestation.Veterinary research · 2012Article
- Article
- Selection of Neospora caninum antigens stimulating bovine CD4+ve T cell responses through immuno-potency screening and proteomic approaches.Veterinary research · 2011Article
- NKp46 defines ovine cells that have characteristics corresponding to NK cells.Veterinary research · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are considered to be key players in the early innate responses to protozoan infections, primarily indirectly by producing gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to cytokines, like interleukin 12 (IL-12). We demonstrate that live, as well as heat-inactivated, tachyzoites of Neospora caninum, a Toxoplasma-like protozoan, directly trigger production of IFN-gamma from purified, IL-2-activated bovine NK cells. This response occurred independently of IL-12 but was increased by the addition of the cytokine. A similar IFN-gamma response was measured in cocultures of NK cells and N. caninum-infected autologous fibroblasts. However, no NK cell-derived IFN-gamma response was detected when cells were cultured with soluble antigens from the organism, indicating that intact tachyzoites or nonsoluble components are necessary for NK cell triggering. Furthermore, N. caninum-infected autologous fibroblasts had increased susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity compared to uninfected fibroblasts. This cytotoxicity was largely mediated by a perforin-mediated mechanism. The activating receptor NKp46 was involved in cytotoxicity against fibroblasts but could not explain the increased cytotoxicity against infected targets. Interestingly, N. caninum tachyzoites were able to infect cultured NK cells, in which tachyzoites proliferated inside parasitophorous vacuoles. Together, these findings underscore the role of NK cells as primary responders during a protozoan infection, describe intracellular protozoan infection of NK cells in vitro for the first time, and represent the first functional study of purified bovine NK cells in response to infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.