ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2006
Cholera toxin indirectly activates human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro through the production of soluble factors, including prostaglandin E(2) and nitric oxide.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Adjuvant Combination of dmLT and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Activates the Canonical, Nonpyroptotic NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dendritic Cells and Significantly Interacts to Expand Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- FIV vaccine with receptor epitopes results in neutralizing antibodies but does not confer resistance to challenge.NPJ vaccines · 2018Article
- Pathogenesis of oral FIV infection.PloS one · 2017Article
- Nitric oxide production contributes to Bacillus anthracis edema toxin-associated arterial hypotension and lethality: ex vivo and in vivo studies in the rat.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2016Article
- Induction of Dendritic Cell Maturation and Activation by a Potential Adjuvant, 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Injury and immune response: applying the danger theory to mosquitoes.Frontiers in plant science · 2014Article
- Article
- Induction of increased permeability of polarized enterocyte monolayers by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2011Article
- Nitric oxide controls an inflammatory-like Ly6C(hi)PDCA1+ DC subset that regulates Th1 immune responses.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2011Article
- Crosstalk between PKA and Epac regulates the phenotypic maturation and function of human dendritic cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Prophylactic administration of bacterially derived immunomodulators improves the outcome of influenza virus infection in a murine model.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- The adenylate cyclase toxins of Bacillus anthracis and Bordetella pertussis promote Th2 cell development by shaping T cell antigen receptor signaling.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent adjuvant that activates dendritic cells (DC) by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. In vivo and in vitro, very small amounts of CT induce potent adjuvant effects and activate DC. We hypothesized that DC intoxicated by CT may release factors that enhance their own maturation and induce the maturation of toxin-free bystander DC. Through the use of mixed cultures and transwell cultures, we found that human monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) pulsed with CT or other cAMP-elevating agonists induce the maturation of bystander DC. Many DC agonists including CT increase the production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO). For this reason, we determined whether the actions of PGE(2) or NO are involved in the maturation of MDDC induced by CT or dibutyryl-cAMP (d-cAMP). We found that blocking the production of PGE(2) or blocking prostaglandin receptors inhibited MDDC maturation induced by CT and d-cAMP. Likewise, sequestering NO or blocking the downstream actions of NO resulted in the inhibition of MDDC maturation induced by CT and d-cAMP. These results indicate that endogenously produced factors including PGE(2) and NO contribute to the maturation of DC induced by CT and that these factors participate in bystander DC maturation. The results of this study may help explain why bacterial toxins that elevate cAMP are such potent adjuvants.
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