ArticleProceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)2006
Colitis due to Clostridium difficile toxins: underdiagnosed, highly virulent, and nosocomial.
Article in Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: An official clinical practice guideline of the Spanish Society of Chemotherapy (SEQ), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the working group of Postoperative Infection of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia and Reanimation (SEDAR).Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2020Guideline
- Community-AcquiredInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Predicting positiveHeliyon · 2025Article
- Pre-colonization with the fungusmSphere · 2023Article
- Antibiotic Treatment Induces Long-Lasting Effects on Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System in Mice.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A leaky human colon model reveals uncoupled apical/basal cytotoxicity in earlyAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2023Article
- Review
- The role of the gut microbiome in colonization resistance and recurrentTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Study of microbiome changes in patients with ulcerative colitis in the Central European part of Russia.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Reducing Spread of Infections with a Photocatalytic Reactor-Potential Applications in Control of HospitalInfectious disease reports · 2021Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis-where to from here?Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Article
- Evolutionary clade affects resistance of Clostridium difficile spores to Cold Atmospheric Plasma.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Elderly.Current treatment options in gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Clostridium difficile heterogeneously impacts intestinal community architecture but drives stable metabolome responses.The ISME journal · 2015Article
- Clostridium difficile Infection and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2011Article
- Safety of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors.World journal of gastroenterology · 2010Review
- Piglet models of acute or chronic Clostridium difficile illness.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Article
- Nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections: an overview.Disease-a-month : DM · 2009Review
- Evaluation of repeat Clostridium difficile enzyme immunoassay testing.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2008Article
- Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of Clostridium difficile infection.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2007Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile colitis is a major complication of antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics cause a reduction in bacteria that normally reside in the colon. If an antibiotic-treated patient ingests C. difficile bacteria, this organism may proliferate in the colon because it is resistant to most antibiotics and because it does not have to compete with the normal bacteria for nutrients. If the C. difficile organism has the gene for toxin production, the toxin can produce a colitis. In addition to antibiotics, other proposed risk factors for development of C. difficile colitis include advanced age, contact with infected patients and with their health care providers, impaired immune function, suppression of gastric acid secretion by a proton pump inhibitor, and postpyloric tube feeding. Many of the risk factors become simultaneously focused on patients admitted to the hospital. The incidence of C. difficile disease has been rising, and strains have become more virulent. In some forms of the disease, the patient doesn't have diarrhea, and in such patients C. difficile can be deadly but difficult to diagnose. The standard treatment, with metronidazole or vancomycin, fails to work in up to 25% of patients with the fulminant form of colitis. Since C. difficile causes only 20% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, a specific test is needed to diagnose this organism. Toxigenic cultureis highly specific but not available at most institutions. The tests that are available--enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fecal cytotoxicity assay--have high false-negative rates, even in patients with severe clinical disease, creating a diagnostic dilemma. The only proven way to reduce the risk of C. difficile disease is implementation of an antibiotic management program in conjunction with enhanced infection control procedures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.