ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2006
Drug resistance in leishmaniasis.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 633 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
633 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,652 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant-based therapeutics for leishmaniasis: A systematic review emphasizing human studies and clinical trial evidence.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Serum Levels of Vitamins and Trace Elements in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Biological trace element research · 2024Pooled it
- Leishmania spp. genetic factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis antimony pentavalent drug resistance: a systematic review.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Pooled it
- Colombian Contributions Fighting Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review on Antileishmanials Combined with Chemoinformatics Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Pooled it
- Host transcriptomic signature as alternative test-of-cure in visceral leishmaniasis patients co-infected with HIV.EBioMedicine · 2020Trial
- Microneedle-based injection of Fungizone/Amphotericin B: an effective treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- BrazilianToxins · 2026Article
- High and Selective TrypanocidalMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Direct quantitative PCR detects genetic biomarkers of antileishmanial drug resistance in clinical samples from dogs with leishmaniosis.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Miltefosine and emerging Leishmania (Mundinia) in Southeast Asia: Molecular insights, therapeutic challenges, and future strategic implementation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Chemical degradation of Human p38-MAPK reveals it as a potential host target to combat parasitic infections by Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Peptides as a Therapeutic Alternative Against Leishmaniasis: A Scoping Review.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Article
- Targeting Kinetoplastid Parasites with ProTide Prodrugs: A Proof-of-Concept Study.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- A strategic discovery roadmap towards high-quality leads and drug development candidates for kinetoplastid diseases. Part 2: from molecule to confirmed hit.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Differential Susceptibility to Antimony in Strains and Clinical Isolates ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Protective Effects of rLPG3 Plus Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant on Parasitism, Hepatic Function, and Immune Modulation in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Hit-Identification to Novel Antileishmanial Agents from a β‑Pinene Scaffold: from Synthesis toACS omega · 2026Article
- Tri-Layer Composite Nanofiber Wound Dressing Incorporating Glucantime and Silver Nanoparticles for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Management.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Predicting Antileishmanial Activity of Plant-Derived Compounds Using Random Forest Modeling.microPublication biology · 2026Article
- Pathogenic Significance of Trypanosomatids: Progress in Drug Resistance, Control Strategies, and Artificial Intelligence.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2026Review
573 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex disease, with visceral and cutaneous manifestations, and is caused by over 15 different species of the protozoan parasite genus Leishmania. There are significant differences in the sensitivity of these species both to the standard drugs, for example, pentavalent antimonials and miltefosine, and those on clinical trial, for example, paromomycin. Over 60% of patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar State, India, do not respond to treatment with pentavalent antimonials. This is now considered to be due to acquired resistance. Although this class of drugs has been used for over 60 years for leishmaniasis treatment, it is only in the past 2 years that the mechanisms of action and resistance have been identified, related to drug metabolism, thiol metabolism, and drug efflux. With the introduction of new therapies, including miltefosine in 2002 and paromomycin in 2005-2006, it is essential that there be a strategy to prevent the emergence of resistance to new drugs; combination therapy, monitoring of therapy, and improved diagnostics could play an essential role in this strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.