ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2006
Molecular mimicry, bystander activation, or viral persistence: infections and autoimmune disease.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04846010 (Treating Sequalae Caused by Post-acute Sequelae of SARS), which is not on this map. Cited by 319 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treating Sequalae Caused by Post-acute Sequelae of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)-CoV-2 Infection
Who cites it
319 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 671 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies and Molecular Mimicry in Alphavirus Chronic Arthritis: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Association of the rs1990760, rs3747517, and rs10930046 polymorphisms in theFrontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Infections or Vaccines Associated with Finkelstein-Seidlmayer Vasculitis: Systematic Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Short- and potential long-term adverse health outcomes of COVID-19: a rapid review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2020Pooled it
- An Intronic HCP5 Variant Is Associated With Age of Onset and Susceptibility to Graves Disease in UK and Polish Cohorts.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Pooled it
- Use of Cardiac Biomarkers for Monitoring Improvement of Left Ventricular Function by Immunoadsorption Treatment in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Biomolecules · 2019Trial
- Functional characterization of viral transcriptional regulators reveals extensive rewiring of host pathways.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Interpreting Viral Associations in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Recognition and management of acute relapse of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Beyond oncogenesis: the unexplored benefits of viruses in cancer immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Critically Ill Children with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Single-Center Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A pediatric case of varicella-associated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with anti-GAD65 autoimmune encephalitis and multisystem complications - a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Decoding the association between microorganisms and autoimmunity: a multifaceted review of evidence on specific pathogens that trigger autoimmune diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Neurocognitive Aging Following Acute Illness: Pathobiology and a Framework for Developing Neurotherapeutic Agents.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- T cells in acute and chronic myocarditis: from diagnosis to treatment.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence of viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis: overlapping peaks encephalitis or coincidence condition?BMC neurology · 2026Article
- A telomere-lipid-immunity axis linking viral integration to autoimmune disease risk.GeroScience · 2026Article
- The "Direct Structural Disruption" Hypothesis:Toxins · 2026Review
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
259 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Virus infections and autoimmune disease have long been linked. These infections often precede the occurrence of inflammation in the target organ. Several mechanisms often used to explain the association of autoimmunity and virus infection are molecular mimicry, bystander activation (with or without epitope spreading), and viral persistence. These mechanisms have been used separately or in various combinations to account for the immunopathology observed at the site of infection and/or sites of autoimmune disease, such as the brain, heart, and pancreas. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of multiple sclerosis, myocarditis, and diabetes, three immune-medicated diseases often linked with virus infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.