ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2006
Biological basis for syphilis.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 253 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
253 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 640 citations in OpenAlex.
- The spectrum of movement disorders in neurosyphilis: A systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- An integrated immunopathological model of syphilis serofast: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of syphilis among female sex workers in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of syphilis infection on HIV acquisition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sexually transmitted infections · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of syphilis serological treatment outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons: rethinking the significance of serological non-responsiveness and the serofast state after therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty Button Cultures in The Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial II: A Randomized Trial Comparing Oral Voriconazole Versus Placebo.American journal of ophthalmology · 2018Trial
- An mRNA-LNP vaccine expressing TP0435 provides protective immunity in rabbits againstEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Putative mechanisms of ocular inflammation in syphilis.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Review
- Advancements in Syphilis Vaccine Development.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- High Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection Identified in Treponema Pallidum-Positive Blood Donations: Implications for HBV Risk Reduction.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mixed-pattern, essential syphilitic alopecia, uveitis, and papillitis in an immunocompetent patient with neurosyphilis.Dermatology reports · 2026Article
- Detection ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Genome-sequencing of ocular fluid in a patient with syphilitic uveitis: Strain identification and antimicrobial resistance detection.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection-12 States, 2019-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Molecular Diagnosis of Syphilis in Brazilian Ambulatory Patients: Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- An ELISA for discovering protein-protein interaction inhibitors: Blocking lysinoalanine crosslinking between subunits of the spirochete flagellar hook as a test case.SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D · 2026Article
- Review
- Perinatal transmission ofFrontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Protective immunity induced by Tp0136 epitope vaccines with mRNA LNP or protein delivery.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
193 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. Clinical manifestations separate the disease into stages; late stages of disease are now uncommon compared to the preantibiotic era. T. pallidum has an unusually small genome and lacks genes that encode many metabolic functions and classical virulence factors. The organism is extremely sensitive to environmental conditions and has not been continuously cultivated in vitro. Nonetheless, T. pallidum is highly infectious and survives for decades in the untreated host. Early syphilis lesions result from the host's immune response to the treponemes. Bacterial clearance and resolution of early lesions results from a delayed hypersensitivity response, although some organisms escape to cause persistent infection. One factor contributing to T. pallidum's chronicity is the paucity of integral outer membrane proteins, rendering intact organisms virtually invisible to the immune system. Antigenic variation of TprK, a putative surface-exposed protein, is likely to contribute to immune evasion. T. pallidum remains exquisitely sensitive to penicillin, but macrolide resistance has recently been identified in a number of geographic regions. The development of a syphilis vaccine, thus far elusive, would have a significant positive impact on global health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.