Trial reportCancer gene therapy2006
Phase 1/2 trial of autologous tumor mixed with an allogeneic GVAX vaccine in advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.
Trial report in Cancer gene therapy, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01258868 (Epigenetically-Modified Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccines With ISCOMATRIX), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Epigenetically-Modified Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccines With ISCOMATRIX(TM) Adjuvant and Oral Celecoxib in Patients Undergoing Resection of Lung and Esophageal Cancers, Thymic Neoplasms, Thoracic Sarcomas, and Malignant Pleural Mesotheliomas
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of tumour vaccine immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Strengths and weaknesses of immunotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Regression of Breast Cancer Metastases Following Treatment with Irradiated SV-BR-1-GM, a GM-CSF Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cell Line: Intellectual Property and Immune Markers of Response.Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery · 2022Trial
- A pilot study of an autologous tumor-derived autophagosome vaccine with docetaxel in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2017Trial
- Phase II trial of a GM-CSF-producing and CD40L-expressing bystander cell line combined with an allogeneic tumor cell-based vaccine for refractory lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2013Trial
- K562/GM-CSF immunotherapy reduces tumor burden in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with residual disease on imatinib mesylate.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2010Trial
- Trial
- A data-driven cartography of NSCLC vaccine research: Quantifying the paradigm shift toward immuno-oncology combination therapies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Bright side of the dark genome: antigens for next-gen cancer vaccines.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Risk of autoimmunity, cancer seeding, and adverse events in human trials of whole-tissue autologous therapeutic vaccines.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Cancer Vaccines and Beyond: The Transformative Role of Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Vaccination in Lung Cancer: Past Attempts, Current Approaches and Future Promises.Journal of respiratory biology and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Cracking the Codes behind Cancer Cells' Immune Evasion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neoantigen-targeted dendritic cell vaccination in lung cancer patients induces long-lived T cells exhibiting the full differentiation spectrum.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Neoantigen Identification and Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines for Lung Cancer Immunotherapy.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Engineering a versatile and retrievable cell macroencapsulation device for the delivery of therapeutic proteins.iScience · 2023Article
- Vaccinating against cancer: getting to prime time.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
- GM-CSF elicits antibodies to tumor-associated proteins when used as a prostate cancer vaccine adjuvant.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- Vaccine Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Changing Landscape of Cancer Vaccines-Novel Proteomics Platform for New Antigen Compositions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor vaccines composed of autologous tumor cells genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (GVAX) have demonstrated clinical activity in advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In an effort to remove the requirement for genetic transduction of individual tumors, we developed a 'bystander' GVAX platform composed of autologous tumor cells mixed with an allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting cell line. We conducted a phase I/II trial of this vaccine (3-12 biweekly vaccinations) in advanced-stage NSCLC. Tumors were harvested from 86 patients, tumor cell processing was successful in 76, and 49 proceeded to vaccination. The most common toxicity was local vaccine injection site reactions. Serum GM-CSF pharmacokinetics were consistent with secretion of GM-CSF from vaccine cells for up to 4 days with associated transient leukocytosis confirming the bioactivity of vaccine-secreted GM-CSF. Evidence of vaccine-induced immune activation was demonstrated; however, objective tumor responses were not seen. Compared with autologous GVAX vaccines prepared by transduction of individual tumors with an adenoviral GM-CSF vector, vaccine GM-CSF secretion was approximately 25-fold higher with the bystander GVAX vaccine used in this trial. However, the frequency of vaccine site reactions, tumor response, time to disease progression, and survival were all less favorable in the current study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.