ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor gene mRNA supports proliferation of adult T cell leukemia cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 351 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
351 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 575 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in preventive vaccine development against HTLV-1 infection: A systematic review of the last 35 years.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Viral persistence and host-state remodeling in virus-associated cancers.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Rewiring of the Apoptotic Rheostat in HTLV-1 Infection and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.Cancers · 2026Review
- HTLV-1 HBZ inhibits DHX9 to reprogram circRNA biogenesis in ATLL.Tumour virus research · 2026Article
- Immunological decoding of adult T cell leukemia - its cell of origin and oncogenesis.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Review
- HTLV-1 Tax Reshapes the DNA-Binding Pattern of Transcription Factor IRF4 and Disrupts Host Gene Regulation.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Viral-driven oncogenesis in T/NK-cell lymphomas: parallels and divergences between HTLV-1 and EBV.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- Review
- Intra-pol proviral open region of HTLV-1 controls the transcription from both long terminal repeats.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- Intron-oriented HTLV-1 integration in an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cell line sustains expression of intact ift81 mRNA.FEBS letters · 2025Article
- Upregulation of YY1/EZH2 and MLH1 as Therapeutic Targets for Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Splicing-dependent restriction of the HBZ gene by Tax underlies biphasic HTLV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- JunB-HBZ nuclear translocation by TGF-β is a key driver in HTLV-1-mediated leukemogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Intragenic viral silencer element regulates HTLV-1 latency via RUNX complex recruitment.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- HTLV-I Basic Leucine Zipper Factor (sHBZ) Actively Associates with Nucleophosmin (B23) in the Nucleolus.Viruses · 2025Article
- Evolution of primate T-cell leukemia virus type 1 accessory genes and functional divergence of its antisense proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- APOBEC3-Related Editing and Non-Editing Determinants of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
291 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) causes adult T cell leukemia (ATL) in 2-5% of carriers after a long latent period. An HTLV-I encoded protein, Tax, induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, resulting in clonal proliferation of infected cells. However, tax gene expression in ATL cells is disrupted by several mechanisms, including genetic changes in the tax gene and DNA methylation/deletion of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR). Because Tax is the major target of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vivo, loss of Tax expression should enable ATL cells to escape the host immune system. The 5' LTR of HTLV-I is frequently hypermethylated or deleted in ATL cells, whereas the 3' LTR remains unmethylated and intact, suggesting the involvement of the 3' LTR in leukemogenesis. Here we show that a gene encoded by the minus strand of the HTLV-I proviral genome, HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), is transcribed from 3'-LTR in all ATL cells. Suppression of HBZ gene transcription by short interfering RNA inhibits proliferation of ATL cells. In addition, HBZ gene expression promotes proliferation of a human T cell line. Analyses of T cell lines transfected with mutated HBZ genes showed that HBZ promotes T cell proliferation in its RNA form, whereas HBZ protein suppresses Tax-mediated viral transcription through the 5' LTR. Thus, the single HBZ gene has bimodal functions in two different molecular forms. The growth-promoting activity of HBZ RNA likely plays an important role in oncogenesis by HTLV-I.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.