ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2006
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 401 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue and Promotion of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Plant-based Dietary Components in Rodents: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Potential treatment benefits and safety of roflumilast in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2016Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of HPP737, a Novel PDE4 Inhibitor, in Healthy Chinese Participants: Phase I Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Milrinone relaxes pulmonary veins in guinea pigs and humans.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Pharmacological basis for the traditional use ofJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Phosphodiesterase signaling in asthma: mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic strategies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Investigations of the voltage-gated CaFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Flow Process for Production of Crisaborole Using Organolithium Chemistry with Control over Impurity Formation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Photobiomodulation in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and pharmacological approaches to enhance the therapeutics effects of light.Lasers in medical science · 2025Review
- Caffeine: a potential mechanism for anti-obesity.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Impact of Second-Generation PDE 5 Inhibitor, Avanafil, on Retinal Function: Studies From Ex Vivo ERG.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Correlation of autophagy and Alzheimer's disease with special emphasis on the role of phosphodiesterase-4.3 Biotech · 2025Review
- Formulation of Caffeine-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complex in Hydrogel for Skin Treatment.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease (PH-ILD): Back to the Future.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Phosphodiesterase 5 and its inhibitors with ischaemic heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis and a real-world study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2025Article
- The epidermal lipid-microbiome loop and immunity: Important players in atopic dermatitis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Exploring the Therapeutic Landscape: A Narrative Review on Topical and Oral Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Dermatology.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are a diverse family of enzymes that hydrolyse cyclic nucleotides and thus play a key role in regulating intracellular levels of the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, and hence cell function. Theophylline and papaverine have historically been used therapeutically and are known to be weak inhibitors of PDE, but to what extent this contributed toward their clinical efficacy was poorly defined. However, the discovery of 11 isoenzyme families and our increased understanding of their function at the cell and molecular level provides an impetus for the development of isoenzyme selective inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases. This review focuses on the development of PDE3 inhibitors for congestive heart failure, PDE4 inhibitors for inflammatory airways disease and most successfully, PDE5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.