ArticleThe American journal of pathology2006
Influenza A virus (H5N1) infection in cats causes systemic disease with potential novel routes of virus spread within and between hosts.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01074736 (Host Genetic Susceptibility to Avian Influenza A/H5N1 in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore), which is not on this map. Cited by 125 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Host Genetic Susceptibility to Avian Influenza A/H5N1 in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Cat and Rats during Outbreak in Backyard Poultry, United States, 2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and human new pandemic H1N1 virus exposure in domestic cats with outdoor access in the Netherlands in 2024.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Novel recombinant H5-based vaccine provides effective protection against H5N1 influenza virus in cats.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Fatal H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza with Retrograde Neuroinvasion in a Free-Ranging Leopard Cat (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Subclade 2.3.4.4b Isolated from a European Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Is Highly Virulent in Ferrets.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Marked neurotropism and potential adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b virus in naturally infected domestic cats.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Viral destruction of the olfactory mucosa elicits immune residence, bone metaplasia, and long-term smell loss.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an immunocompromised domestic cat.ASM case reports · 2025Article
- Molecular and ecological determinants of mammalian adaptability in avian influenza virus.Infection · 2025Review
- Feline high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 infection: past and present.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Review
- Deliberating the scientific evidence base for influenza transmission to raw milk consumers.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Review
- Review
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13 is highly virulent for mice, rapidly causing acute pulmonary and neurologic disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Enhanced neurotropism of bovine H5N1 compared to the Vietnam H5N1 isolate in C57BL/6J mice.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Felines: A Systematic Review of Two Decades of Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b: Global Impact and Summary Analysis of Vaccine Trials.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Burden of Common Respiratory Pathogens Among Cats in China.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of avian influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) infection in Asia is of great concern because of the high human case fatality rate and the threat of a new influenza pandemic. Case reports in humans and felids suggest that this virus may have a different tissue tropism from other influenza viruses, which are normally restricted to the respiratory tract in mammals. To study its pathogenesis in a mammalian host, domestic cats were inoculated with H5N1 virus intratracheally (n = 3), by feeding on virus-infected chicks (n = 3), or by horizontal transmission (n = 2) and examined by virological and pathological assays. In all cats, virus replicated not only in the respiratory tract but also in multiple extra-respiratory tissues. Virus antigen expression in these tissues was associated with severe necrosis and inflammation 7 days after inoculation. In cats fed on virus-infected chicks only, virus-associated ganglioneuritis also occurred in the submucosal and myenteric plexi of the small intestine, suggesting direct infection from the intestinal lumen. All cats excreted virus not only via the respiratory tract but also via the digestive tract. This study in cats demonstrates that H5N1 virus infection causes systemic disease and spreads by potentially novel routes within and between mammalian hosts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.