ArticleThe Plant cell2006
Host-mediated phosphorylation of type III effector AvrPto promotes Pseudomonas virulence and avirulence in tomato.
Article in The Plant cell, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic Delivery of Functional Proteins Into Plants Using an Engineered Membrane Translocation Domain.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Lysine crotonylation enhances fungal effector activity and promotes invasion of host plants.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Mapping novel yellow and leaf rust loci and predicting resistance in cross derived Canadian durum wheat.The plant genome · 2025Article
- Nuclear localization sequence of MoHTR1, a Magnaporthe oryzae effector, for transcriptional reprogramming of immunity genes in rice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- What's new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling in the control of plant immunity?Essays in biochemistry · 2022Review
- Pseudomonas syringae effector HopZ3 suppresses the bacterial AvrPto1-tomato PTO immune complex via acetylation.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Phosphorylation of the Pseudomonas Effector AvrPtoB by Arabidopsis SnRK2.8 Is Required for Bacterial Virulence.Molecular plant · 2020Article
- A Poplar Rust Effector Protein Associates with Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Enhances Plant Susceptibility.Biology · 2020Article
- Genome-wide identification and characterization of NB-ARC resistant genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their expression during leaf rust infection.Plant cell reports · 2017Article
- A Subset of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes Is Essential for Plant Immunity.Plant physiology · 2017Article
- Arabidopsis NATA1 Acetylates Putrescine and Decreases Defense-Related Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation.Plant physiology · 2016Article
- A novel method of transcriptome interpretation reveals a quantitative suppressive effect on tomato immune signaling by two domains in a single pathogen effector protein.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Modification of Bacterial Effector Proteins Inside Eukaryotic Host Cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- The cyst nematode effector protein 10A07 targets and recruits host posttranslational machinery to mediate its nuclear trafficking and to promote parasitism in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2015Article
- In planta processing and glycosylation of a nematode CLAVATA3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION-like effector and its interaction with a host CLAVATA2-like receptor to promote parasitism.Plant physiology · 2015Article
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- Interaction between two rice mitogen activated protein kinases and its possible role in plant defense.BMC plant biology · 2013Article
- The tomato calcium sensor Cbl10 and its interacting protein kinase Cipk6 define a signaling pathway in plant immunity.The Plant cell · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The AvrPto protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato is delivered into plant cells by the bacterial type III secretion system, where it either promotes host susceptibility or, in tomato plants expressing the Pto kinase, elicits disease resistance. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we obtained evidence that AvrPto is phosphorylated when expressed in plant leaves. In vitro phosphorylation of AvrPto by plant extracts occurs independently of Pto and is due to a kinase activity that is conserved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and Arabidopsis thaliana. Three Ser residues clustered in the C-terminal 18 amino acids of AvrPto were identified in vitro as putative phosphorylation sites, and one site at S149 was directly confirmed as an in vivo phosphorylation site by mass spectrometry. Substitution of Ala for S149 significantly decreased the ability of AvrPto to enhance disease symptoms and promote growth of P. s. tomato in susceptible tomato leaves. In addition, S149A significantly decreased the avirulence activity of AvrPto in resistant tomato plants. Our observations support a model in which AvrPto has evolved to mimic a substrate of a highly conserved plant kinase to enhance its virulence activity. Furthermore, residues of AvrPto that promote virulence are also monitored by plant defenses.
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