Trial reportObstetrics and gynecology2006
Effects of long-term use of nonoxynol-9 on vaginal flora.
Trial report in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cervicovaginal colposcopic lesions associated with 5 nonoxynol-9 vaginal spermicide formulations.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2008Trial
- The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiota: Friends and Foe.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- ZB-06, a vaginal film containing an engineered human contraceptive antibody (HC4-N), demonstrates safety and efficacy in a phase 1 postcoital test and safety study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Article
- Article
- The impact of contraceptives on the vaginal microbiome in the non-pregnant state.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2022Review
- Serine protease inhibitor disrupts sperm motility leading to reduced fertility in female mice†.Biology of reproduction · 2020Article
- Effect of commercial vaginal products on the growth of uropathogenic and commensal vaginal bacteria.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Contraception: Influence on Vaginal Microbiota and Identification of Vaginal Lactobacilli Using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA Sequencing.The open microbiology journal · 2018Article
- Potential Use of Antimicrobial Peptides as Vaginal Spermicides/Microbicides.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Vaginal drug delivery systems for HIV prevention.The AAPS journal · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveProducts containing nonoxynol-9 have been used as spermicidal contraceptives for many years, but limited data have been published describing the long-term effects of nonoxynol-9 use on the vaginal microbial ecosystem. This longitudinal study was conducted to examine the effects of nonoxynol-9 on the vaginal ecology.
methodsVaginal swabs were obtained from 235 women enrolled in a randomized clinical trial before initiation of use of 1 of 5 different formulations of nonoxynol-9 for contraception, and up to 3 more samples were gathered over 7 months of use. The swab samples were evaluated in a single laboratory. The prevalence of several constituents of the normal vaginal flora was evaluated. The associations between nonoxynol-9 dosage, formulation, average product use per week, and number of sex acts per week were calculated.
resultsThe changes in prevalence of vaginal microbes after nonoxynol-9 use were minimal for each of the different nonoxynol-9 formulations. However, when both nonoxynol-9 concentration and number of product uses are taken into account, nonoxynol-9 did have dose-dependant effects on the increased prevalence of anaerobic gram-negative rods (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-5.3), H2O2-negative lactobacilli (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.1), and bacterial vaginosis (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.7).
conclusionThis study demonstrated that most nonoxynol-9 users experienced minimal disruptions in their vaginal ecology. There were no differences between the different formulations evaluated with respect to changes in vaginal microflora. However, independent of the nonoxynol-9 formulation, there was a dose-dependent effect with increased exposure to nonoxynol-9 on the risk of bacterial vaginosis and its associated flora. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.