ArticleImmunogenetics2006
Molecular characterization of KIR3DL3.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Article
- Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint families: new biology and clinical therapeutic strategies.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2023Review
- Polymorphic KIR3DL3 expression modulates tissue-resident and innate-like T cells.Science immunology · 2023Article
- KIR3DL3-HHLA2 and TMIGD2-HHLA2 pathways: The dual role of HHLA2 in immune responses and its potential therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Harnessing natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: dispatching the first responders.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2022Review
- KIR3DL3-HHLA2 is a human immunosuppressive pathway and a therapeutic target.Science immunology · 2021Article
- KIR3DL3 Is an Inhibitory Receptor for HHLA2 that Mediates an Alternative Immunoinhibitory Pathway to PD1.Cancer immunology research · 2021Article
- Article
- Quantitative Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction with Fluorescent Probe Detection of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors,Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Regulation of KIR3DL3 Expression via Mirna.Genes · 2019Article
- Conservation, Extensive Heterozygosity, and Convergence of Signaling Potential All Indicate a Critical Role for KIR3DL3 in Higher Primates.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Activating KIR2DS4 Is Expressed by Uterine NK Cells and Contributes to Successful Pregnancy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Novel insights in the genomic organization and hotspots of recombination in the human KIR locus through analysis of intergenic regions.Genes and immunity · 2015Article
- Activating killer cell Ig-like receptors in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- The placenta in toxicology. Part IV: Battery of toxicological test systems based on human placenta.Toxicologic pathology · 2014Review
- Targeted resequencing of candidate genes reveals novel variants associated with severe Behçet's uveitis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2013Article
- Article
- Conserved KIR allele-level haplotypes are altered by microvariation in individuals with European ancestry.Genes and immunity · 2012Article
- The characteristics of allelic polymorphism in killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor framework genes in African Americans.Immunogenetics · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a structurally and functionally diverse family of molecules expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and T-cell subsets. The most centromeric gene in the human KIR cluster is KIR3DL3, a framework gene that is present in all haplotypes. KIR3DL3 has only one immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif and lacks the exon encoding the stem between the Immunoglobulin domains and the transmembrane region. We have investigated expression of KIR3DL3 in blood and decidual NK cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein analysis using a KIR3DL3-specific monoclonal antibody, CH21. KIR3DL3 mRNA was only detected in the CD56(bright) subset in cells from peripheral blood and in CD56(bright) decidual NK cells. The CD56(bright) NK92 cell line was also positive. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated a trend for higher expression of KIR3DL3 in female peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to that in male. Using a bisulphite conversion method, we found that the promoter of KIR3DL3 was strongly methylated. Surface protein expression was detectable after demethylation. Like other KIRs, KIR3DL3 is highly polymorphic, and we detected 14 variants in 25 unrelated individuals. Nucleotide substitutions were scattered throughout the sequence, with a cluster of alleles at the start of the transmembrane region at the site where the remnant of the linking stem present in other KIR is found. We conclude that the KIR3DL3 gene is not a pseudogene but encodes a protein that is not expressed in healthy individuals. Protein expression might be induced under certain developmental or pathological situations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.