Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16389536›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2006

Changing antibiotics prescribing practices in health centers of Khartoum State, Sudan.

A I Awad, I B Eltayeb, O Z Baraka

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
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  3. Audit and Feedback Interventions for Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

A I AwadDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait. amoneim@hsc.edu.kw
I B Eltayeb
O Z Baraka

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveA major problem with inappropriate use of antibiotics is the emergence of resistance. Thus, cost-effective interventional strategies are required to improve their use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of multifaceted interventions on prescribing practices of antibiotics in health centers of Khartoum State, Sudan.

methodsTwenty health centers were randomly assigned to receive: (1) no intervention; (2) audit and feedback; (3) audit and feedback + seminar; or (4) audit and feedback + academic detailing. A total of 1,800 patient encounters, 30 from each health center, were randomly collected. The total number of encounters with antibiotics prescribed were determined in each health center and they were evaluated with regard to antibiotic choice, dose and duration of therapy before the study and at 1 and 3 months post-intervention.

resultsIn comparison to the control group, the prescriber targeted interventions involving audit and feedback, together with academic detailing (4), reduced the mean number of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed by 6.3 and 7.7 (p<0.001) at 1 and 3 months post-intervention, respectively. In addition, the mean number of encounters with an inappropriate antibiotic with respect to diagnosis, doses and/ or duration of therapy was reduced by 5.3 and 5.9 (p<0.001) at 1 and 3 months post-intervention, respectively. For audit and feedback together with seminars (3) and for audit and feedback alone (2), the corresponding reductions were 5.3, 7.1, 4.4 and 5.1 (p<0.001) and 1.4, 2.8, 1.8 and 1.9 (p>0.05), respectively.

conclusionInappropriate prescribing patterns of antibiotics in health centers of Khartoum State, Sudan, are alarmingly high. Multifaceted interventions involving audit and feedback combined with either academic detailing or seminars appear more effective in changing prescribing practices of antibiotics than audit and feedback alone.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsData CollectionDrug PrescriptionsEducation, Medical, ContinuingFeedbackHumansMedical AuditPractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareSudanAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID16389536

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.