ArticleThe Plant cell2006
Arabidopsis TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN interacts with RAPTOR, which regulates the activity of S6 kinase in response to osmotic stress signals.
Article in The Plant cell, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 337 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diurnal changes of polysome loading track sucrose content in the rosette of wild-type arabidopsis and the starchless pgm mutant.Plant physiology · 2013Pooled it
- Glucose-TOR Signaling Regulates Root Hair Elongation inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ribosome Heterogeneity in Plants: The Causes of This Phenomenon and Its Implications on Gene Expression.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sucrose-activated TOR and phyA signaling alleviates shade-mediated inhibition of leaf development in Arabidopsis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Decoding the growth-defense dialectic: TOR signaling and developmental genetics in maize.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Glutamine alleviates the toxicity of externally applied amino acids in Arabidopsis.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Identification of the AGC Kinase Family in Tetraploid Potato (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrative Transcriptomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Key Components of the SnRK1 Signaling Network in Rice.Plant direct · 2025Article
- Pupylation-Based Proximity Labeling Unravels a Comprehensive Protein and Phosphoprotein Interactome of the Arabidopsis TOR Complex.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Systems analysis of long-term heat stress responses in the C4 grass Setaria viridis.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Histidine limitation alters plant development and influences the TOR network.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Review
- OsFKBP12 transduces the sucrose signal from OsNIN8 to the OsTOR pathway in a loosely binding manner for cell division.iScience · 2025Article
- Trade-Off Regulation in Plant Growth and Stress Responses Through the Role of Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- 40S Ribosomal protein S6 kinase integrates daylength perception and growth regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- What, where, and how: Regulation of translation and the translational landscape in plants.The Plant cell · 2024Review
- Mitigating growth-stress tradeoffs via elevated TOR signaling in rice.Molecular plant · 2024Article
- A phosphorylation-deficient ribosomal protein eS6 is largely functional inPlant direct · 2024Article
- Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of plant autophagy.Journal of experimental botany · 2023Review
- Brassinosteroids modulate autophagy through phosphorylation of RAPTOR1B by the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 in Arabidopsis.Autophagy · 2023Article
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase controls many cellular functions in eukaryotic cells in response to stress and nutrient availability and was shown to be essential for embryonic development in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrated that Arabidopsis RAPTOR1 (a TOR regulatory protein) interacts with the HEAT repeats of TOR and that RAPTOR1 regulates the activity of S6 kinase (S6K) in response to osmotic stress. RAPTOR1 also interacts in vivo with Arabidopsis S6K1, a putative substrate for TOR. S6K1 fused to green fluorescent protein and immunoprecipitated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves after transient expression was active in phosphorylating the Arabidopsis ribosomal S6 protein. The catalytic domain of S6K1 could be phosphorylated by Arabidopsis 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), indicating the involvement of PDK1 in the regulation of S6K. The S6K1 activity was sensitive to osmotic stress, while PDK1 activity was not affected. However, S6K1 sensitivity to osmotic stress was relieved by co-overexpression of RAPTOR1. Overall, these observations demonstrated the existence of a functional TOR kinase pathway in plants. However, Arabidopsis seedlings do not respond to normal physiological levels of rapamycin, which appears to be due its inability to bind to the Arabidopsis homolog of FKBP12, a protein that is essential for the binding of rapamycin with TOR. Replacement of the Arabidopsis FKBP12 with the human FKBP12 allowed rapamycin-dependent interaction with TOR. Since homozygous mutation in TOR is lethal, it suggests that this pathway is essential for integrating the stress signals into the growth regulation.
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