ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2006
Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains are difficult to select in the absence of AcrB and TolC.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Influence of antibiotic resistance on disinfectant tolerance of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Campylobacter jejuni.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- Extending the Potency and Lifespan of Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Gram-Negative Bacterial Efflux Pumps.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Deciphering the molecular and functional basis of TMexCD1: the plasmid-encoded efflux pump of resistance-nodulation-division superfamily.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Unusual and Unconsidered Mechanisms of Bacterial Resilience and Resistance to Quinolones.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Strategies to combat Gram-negative bacterial resistance to conventional antibacterial drugs: a review.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2023Article
- Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Update on the Discovery of Efflux Pump Inhibitors against Critical Priority Gram-Negative Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Dynamic Boolean modelling reveals the influence of energy supply on bacterial efflux pump expression.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
- Article
- Ciprofloxacin induced antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium mutants and genome analysis.Archives of microbiology · 2021Article
- Microbial Efflux Pump Inhibitors: A Journey around Quinoline and Indole Derivatives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Transcriptional Regulation of the Multiple Resistance Mechanisms inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- C-2 phenyl replacements to obtain potent quinoline-basedJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2020Article
- Article
- Chlorpromazine and Amitriptyline Are Substrates and Inhibitors of the AcrB Multidrug Efflux Pump.mBio · 2020Article
- Overexpression of RamA, Which Regulates Production of the Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump AcrAB-TolC, Increases Mutation Rate and Influences Drug Resistance Phenotype.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of a Ciprofloxacin and PAMAM-dendrimer Conjugate.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Steering Phages to Combat Bacterial Pathogens.Trends in microbiology · 2020Review
- MarA, RamA, and SoxS as Mediators of the Stress Response: Survival at a Cost.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been proposed that lack of a functional efflux system(s) will lead to a lower frequency of selection of resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antibiotics. We constructed five strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 that lacked efflux gene components of resistance nodulation cell division pumps (acrB, acrD, acrF, acrBacrF, and tolC) plus three strains that lack genes that effect efflux gene expression (marA, soxS, and ramA) and a hypermutable strain (mutS::aph). Strains were exposed to ciprofloxacin at 2x the MIC in agar, in the presence and absence of Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide, an efflux pump inhibitor. Mutants were selected from all strains except those lacking acrB, tolC, or acrBacrF. For strains from which mutants were selected, there were no significant differences between the frequencies of resistance. Except for mutants of the ramA::aph strain, two phenotypes arose: resistance to quinolones only and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR). ramA::aph mutants were resistant to quinolones only, suggesting a role for ramA in MAR in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide (20 microg/ml) had no effect on the frequencies of resistance or ciprofloxacin MICs. In conclusion, functional AcrB and TolC in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium are important for the selection of ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.