Trial reportRespiratory research2005
MMP-9, TIMP-1 and inflammatory cells in sputum from COPD patients during exacerbation.
Trial report in Respiratory research, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eosinophilia and clinical outcome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Review
- Epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: Targets for lung repair.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- A Proposed Checklist for Optimizing COPD Patient Discharge Processes in Italian Internal Medicine Wards.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Combination Therapy With Clarithromycin and Montelukast Suppresses the Progression of Aortic Aneurysms in Mice With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- A generalized higher-order correlation analysis framework for multi-omics network inference.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Small airway disease as a key factor in COPD: new perspectives and insights.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Implementation of the Care Bundle for the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with/without Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Expression Profiles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Nasal Polyps.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Using complete blood count, serum immunoglobulins G/A/M and complement C3/C4 levels to predict the risk of COPD acute exacerbation: 2-year follow-up in a single-center prospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Observational
- Role of thioredoxin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a promising future target.Respiratory research · 2023Review
- cAMP-PDE signaling in COPD: Review of cellular, molecular and clinical features.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Review
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Enhances Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Severe Asthma.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Article
- The usefulness of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio for diagnosis and assessment of COPD severity.European journal of medical research · 2023Observational
- CC16 as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Induced Sputum Reflects Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Severity.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Conventional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Mechanistic Insights into Therapeutic Landscape of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Assessment and Prognosis in CSA-AKI Using Novel Kidney Injury Biomarkers: A Prospective Observational Study.Biology · 2021Article
- Loss of IL-33 enhances elastase-induced and cigarette smoke extract-induced emphysema in mice.Respiratory research · 2021Article
- Host Factor Interaction Networks Identified by Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Implications in COPD Patients With COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIrreversible airflow obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is thought to result from airway remodelling associated with aberrant inflammation. Patients who experience frequent episodes of acute deterioration in symptoms and lung function, termed exacerbations, experience a faster decline in their lung function, and thus over time greater disease severity However the mechanisms by which these episodes may contribute to decreased lung function are poorly understood. This study has prospectively examined changes in sputum levels of inflammatory cells, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 during exacerbations comparing with paired samples taken prior to exacerbation.
methodsNineteen COPD patients ((median, [IQR]) age 69 [63 to 74], forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 1.0 [0.9 to 1.2], FEV1% predicted 37.6 [27.3 to 46.2]) provided sputa at exacerbation. Of these, 12 were paired with a samples collected when the patient was stable, a median 4 months [2 to 8 months] beforehand.
resultsMMP-9 levels increased from 10.5 microg/g [1.2 to 21.1] prior to exacerbation to 17.1 microg/g [9.3 to 48.7] during exacerbation (P < 0.01). TIMP-1 levels decreased from 3.5 microg/g [0.6 to 7.8] to 1.5 microg/g [0.3 to 4.9] (P = 0.16). MMP-9/TIMP-1 Molar ratio significantly increased from 0.6 [0.2 to 1.1] to 3.6 [2.0 to 25.3] (P < 0.05). Neutrophil, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts all showed significant increase during exacerbation compared to before (P < 0.05). Macrophage numbers remained level. MMP-9 levels during exacerbation showed highly significant correlation with both neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (Rho = 0.7, P < 0.01).
conclusionDuring exacerbation, increased inflammatory burden coincides with an imbalance of the proteinase MMP-9 and its cognate inhibitor TIMP-1. This may suggest a pathway connecting frequent exacerbations with lung function decline.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.