Pregnancy and other factors associated with higher CD4+ T-cell counts at HIV diagnosis in Southeast Michigan, 1992-2002.

backgroundEarly diagnosis of HIV infection provides the opportunity for treatment to prevent progression to AIDS and for intervention to prevent further transmission. The impact of routine screening of pregnant women and other factors on the stage of HIV disease at diagnosis were evaluated.

methodsData were collected in 1992-2002 from the medical records of persons presenting for HIV-related care at 2 major medical centers in Detroit, Michigan. Patients were included in the analysis if they had a CD4+ T-cell count recorded within 6 months of their first positive HIV test (N = 1858).

resultsHalf of the patients (49%) had a first CD4+ T-cell count of < 200 cells/mm3 and 19% had an AIDS-defining illness at the time of HIV diagnosis. In the multivariate model, pregnant women were less likely than nonpregnant women to enter care with a CD4+ T-cell count of < 200 cells/mm3 (odds ratio, .24; 95% confidence interval, .14-.41). Even after adjusting for pregnancy, female sex was protective, as was age < 30 years. HIV-transmission risk factors, race, and time period of HIV diagnosis were not significantly associated with first CD4+ T-cell counts of < 200 cells/mm3.

conclusionRoutinely offering HIV testing in prenatal care, as required by Michigan law, resulted in earlier diagnoses of HIV in pregnant women, as indicated by their higher CD4+ T-cell counts. Increasing routine HIV testing of all persons seeking medical care may increase the overall proportion of HIV diagnoses that are made early in the disease process.