ArticleInfection and immunity2006
Intercellular spreading of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in primary gingival epithelial cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed.
- P. gingivalis-host interactions direct antibiotic adjuvants for periodontitis antimicrobial therapy.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- A skin colonizer disrupts inflammatory and humoral immune defenses in hidradenitis suppurativa.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis produces a functional HemH ferrochelatase important for its survival in a heme-limited environment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Parvimonas micra exacerbates periodontitis by infiltrating host cells through TmpC and circumventing lysosomal elimination via AppA.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Baicalin Alleviates LPS-Induced Apoptosis of Periodontal Ligament Cells Via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.International dental journal · 2026Article
- A Patient-Specific 3D Printed Carotid Artery Model Integrating Vascular Structure, Flow, and Endothelium Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Periodontopathogen-Related Cell Autophagy-A Double-Edged Sword.Inflammation · 2025Review
- Exploring heme and iron acquisition strategies of Porphyromonas gingivalis-current facts and hypotheses.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Outer membrane vesicles ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The Role of Autophagy in the Regulation of Bidirectional Relationships in Diabetic Periodontitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Commensal Neisseria Inhibit Porphyromonas Gingivalis Invasion of Gingival Epithelial Cells.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Article
- Co-Culture ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K axis prevents apoptosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected gingival epithelial cells via BadApoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2023Article
- Illuminating the oral microbiome: cellular microbiology.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Locus Coeruleus Dysfunction and Trigeminal Mesencephalic Nucleus Degeneration: A Cue for Periodontal Infection Mediated Damage in Alzheimer's Disease?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Hemophore-like proteins produced by periodontopathogens are recognized by the host immune system and react differentially with IgG antibodies.Journal of oral microbiology · 2023Article
- Stem cell microencapsulation maintains stemness in inflammatory microenvironment.International journal of oral science · 2022Article
- Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles inhibit the invasion of Fusobacterium nucleatum into oral epithelial cells by downregulating FadA and FomA.Journal of periodontology · 2022Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, is an effective colonizer of oral tissues. The organism successfully invades, multiplies in, and survives for extended periods in primary gingival epithelial cells (GECs). It is unknown whether P. gingivalis resides in the cytoplasm of infected cells throughout the infection or can spread to adjacent cells over time. We developed a technique based on flow cytofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy to study propagation of the organism at different stages of infection of GECs. Results showed that P. gingivalis spreads cell to cell and that the amount of spreading increases gradually over time. There was a very low level of propagation of bacteria to uninfected cells early in the infection (3 h postinfection), but there were 20-fold and 45-fold increases in the propagation rate after 24 h and 48 h, respectively, of infection. Immunofluorescence microscopy of infected cells suggested that intercellular translocation of P. gingivalis may be mediated through actin-based membrane protrusions, bypassing the need for release of bacteria into extracellular medium. Consistent with these observations, cytochalasin D treatment of infected cells resulted in significant inhibition of bacterial spreading. This study shows for the first time that P. gingivalis disseminates from cell to cell without passing through the extracellular space. This mechanism of spreading may allow P. gingivalis to colonize oral tissues without exposure to the humoral immune response.
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Registered trials
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