Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16369025›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2006

Genome engineering in Bacillus anthracis using Cre recombinase.

Andrei P Pomerantsev, Ramakrishnan Sitaraman, Craig R Galloway, Violetta Kivovich, Stephen H Leppla

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
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  7. Highly Efficient Genome Engineering inFrontiers in microbiology · 2019
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. TheFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Andrei P PomerantsevBacterial Toxins and Therapeutics Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4349, USA.
Ramakrishnan Sitaraman
Craig R Galloway
Violetta Kivovich
Stephen H Leppla
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USNational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Vaccines and Therapeutics for AnthraxZIAAI000929 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI LEPPLA, STEPHEN · 2009 to 2025
$15.9M
Vaccines and Therapeutics for AnthraxZ01AI000929 · NIAID · NIAID EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES · PI LEPPLA, STEPHEN H · 2003 to 2008
$6.7M
Intramural NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genome engineering is a powerful method for the study of bacterial virulence. With the availability of the complete genomic sequence of Bacillus anthracis, it is now possible to inactivate or delete selected genes of interest. However, many current methods for disrupting or deleting more than one gene require use of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants. In this report we used an approach that temporarily inserts an antibiotic resistance marker into a selected region of the genome and subsequently removes it, leaving the target region (a single gene or a larger genomic segment) permanently mutated. For this purpose, a spectinomycin resistance cassette flanked by bacteriophage P1 loxP sites oriented as direct repeats was inserted within a selected gene. After identification of strains having the spectinomycin cassette inserted by a double-crossover event, a thermo-sensitive plasmid expressing Cre recombinase was introduced at the permissive temperature. Cre recombinase action at the loxP sites excised the spectinomycin marker, leaving a single loxP site within the targeted gene or genomic segment. The Cre-expressing plasmid was then removed by growth at the restrictive temperature. The procedure could then be repeated to mutate additional genes. In this way, we sequentially mutated two pairs of genes: pepM and spo0A, and mcrB and mrr. Furthermore, loxP sites introduced at distant genes could be recombined by Cre recombinase to cause deletion of large intervening regions. In this way, we deleted the capBCAD region of the pXO2 plasmid and the entire 30 kb of chromosomal DNA between the mcrB and mrr genes, and in the latter case we found that the 32 intervening open reading frames were not essential to growth.

Indexed as

Genetic EngineeringGenome, BacterialOrganisms, Genetically ModifiedBacillus anthracisBacterial ProteinsBase SequenceGene DeletionIntegrasesMolecular Sequence DataMutagenesis, InsertionalPlasmidsRecombinant ProteinsViral ProteinsBacterial ProteinsCre recombinaseIntegrasesRecombinant ProteinsViral Proteins

Identifiers

PMID16369025
PMCPMC1346652
OpenAlexW2089811840

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.