ArticleJournal of virology2006
Neither the RNA nor the proteins of open reading frames 3a and 3b of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus are essential for replication.
Article in Journal of virology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of the coronavirus reverse genetic system: Core technology for pathogenesis mechanisms research and vaccine/drug development.Virulence · 2025Review
- Discontinuous template switching generates coronavirus subgenomic RNAs from the 3' viral genome end by 5' to 3' transcription.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Dissecting infectious bronchitis virus-induced host shutoff at the translation level.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization of a novel variant of infectious bronchitis virus from field outbreaks in backyard chicken population of North East India.Virus genes · 2024Article
- First report and complete genome analysis of infectious bronchitis virus from retailed chicken meat in Mongolia in 2023.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Article
- Global Emergence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants: Evolution, Immunity, and Vaccination Challenges.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Review
- Genomics and pathogenesis of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.Australian veterinary journal · 2022Review
- Host-Genome Similarity Characterizes the Adaption of SARS-CoV-2 to Humans.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- A DNA-based non-infectious replicon system to study SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Genome Sequence Variations of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Serotypes From Commercial Chickens in Mexico.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Current Knowledge on Infectious Bronchitis Virus Non-structural Proteins: The Bearer for Achieving Immune Evasion Function.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Interspecies Jumping of Bat Coronaviruses.Viruses · 2021Review
- Systematizing the genomic order and relatedness in the open reading frames (ORFs) of the coronaviruses.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Clinical and molecular aspects of veterinary coronaviruses.Virus research · 2021Review
- Effect of genome composition and codon bias on infectious bronchitis virus evolution and adaptation to target tissues.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Avian Metapneumovirus in Backyard and Commercial Chickens in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia.Veterinary sciences · 2020Article
- Emerging infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Egypt: Evidence for an evolutionary advantage of a new S1 variant with a unique gene 3ab constellation.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2020Article
- The molecular virology of coronaviruses.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Review
- Genetic, antigenic and pathogenic characterization of avian coronaviruses isolated from pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in China.Veterinary microbiology · 2020Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gene 3 of infectious bronchitis virus is tricistronic; open reading frames (ORFs) 3a and 3b encode two small nonstructural (ns) proteins, 3a and 3b, of unknown function, and a third, structural protein E, is encoded by ORF 3c. To determine if either the 3a or the 3b protein is required for replication, we first modified their translation initiation codons to prevent translation of the 3a and 3b proteins from recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses (rIBVs). Replication in primary chick kidney (CK) cells and in chicken embryos was not affected. In chicken tracheal organ cultures (TOCs), the recombinant rIBVs reached titers similar to those of the wild-type virus, but in the case of viruses lacking the 3a protein, the titer declined reproducibly earlier. Translation of the IBV E protein is believed to be initiated by internal entry of ribosomes at a structure formed by the sequences corresponding to ORFs 3a and 3b. To assess the necessity of this mechanism, we deleted most of the sequence representing 3a and 3b to produce a gene in which ORF 3c (E) was adjacent to the gene 3 transcription-associated sequence. Western blot analysis revealed that the recombinant IBV produced fivefold less E protein. Nevertheless, titers produced in CK cells, embryos, and TOCs were similar to those of the wild-type virus, although they declined earlier in TOCs, probably due to the absence of the 3a protein. Thus, neither the tricistronic arrangement of gene 3, the internal initiation of translation of E protein, nor the 3a and 3b proteins are essential for replication per se, suggesting that these proteins are accessory proteins that may have roles in vivo.
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