ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2005
Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) suppresses microglial activation.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 193 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 370 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabinoids, the Blood-Brain Barrier, and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Cannabis Use on Cognition in People with HIV: Evidence of Function-Dependent Effects and Mechanisms from Clinical and Preclinical Studies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Pooled it
- Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of minor phytocannabinoids with promising neuroprotective potential.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Cannabinoids for the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2020Pooled it
- Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Whole-body biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor ligand [11C]-NE40 in healthy subjects.Molecular imaging and biology · 2013Trial
- Glial cells in neuropathic pain.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Effects of phytocannabinoids, synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids on microglia and astrocytes: Review of neuroinflammatory mechanisms.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological Switching in Minor Phytocannabinoids: A Mechanistic Framework for Compound-Indication Matching and Precision Neurotherapeutic Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Photoreceptor preservation by FAAH inhibition in a murine model of retinitis pigmentosa.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol and other non-psychotropic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa as therapeutics for microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
- Effects of acute THC challenge on behavior and neuroinflammation in HIV-1 Tg26 mice vary based on HIV status, chronic THC history, and sex.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitter Systems in Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Genetically Encoded CBInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- β-Caryophyllene modulates the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to downregulate neutrophil extracellular traps and alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Topical β-Caryophyllene for Dermatologic Disorders: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Clinical Translation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Differential Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists on HIV Replication and Inflammatory Activation in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundActivated microglial cells have been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and HIV dementia. It is well known that inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and chemokines play an important role in microglial cell-associated neuron cell damage. Our previous studies have shown that CD40 signaling is involved in pathological activation of microglial cells. Many data reveal that cannabinoids mediate suppression of inflammation in vitro and in vivo through stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2).
methodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of a cannabinoid agonist on CD40 expression and function by cultured microglial cells activated by IFN-gamma using RT-PCR, Western immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and anti-CB2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) analyses. Furthermore, we examined if the stimulation of CB2 could modulate the capacity of microglial cells to phagocytise Abeta1-42 peptide using a phagocytosis assay.
resultsWe found that the selective stimulation of cannabinoid receptor CB2 by JWH-015 suppressed IFN-gamma-induced CD40 expression. In addition, this CB2 agonist markedly inhibited IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation of JAK/STAT1. Further, this stimulation was also able to suppress microglial TNF-alpha and nitric oxide production induced either by IFN-gamma or Abeta peptide challenge in the presence of CD40 ligation. Finally, we showed that CB2 activation by JWH-015 markedly attenuated CD40-mediated inhibition of microglial phagocytosis of Abeta1-42 peptide. Taken together, these results provide mechanistic insight into beneficial effects provided by cannabinoid receptor CB2 modulation in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.