ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2006
Syntaxins 3 and 4 are concentrated in separate clusters on the plasma membrane before the establishment of cell polarity.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Syntaxin-3 Regulates Tight Junction Assembly in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Article
- Sec22b and Stx4 Depletion Has No Major Effect on Cross-Presentation of PLGA Microsphere-Encapsulated Antigen and a Synthetic Long Peptide In Vitro.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Enrichment of the exocytosis protein STX4 in skeletal muscle remediates peripheral insulin resistance and alters mitochondrial dynamics via Drp1.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Role of SNARE Proteins in the Insertion of KCa3.1 in the Plasma Membrane of a Polarized Epithelium.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Postsynaptic SNARE Proteins: Role in Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity.Neuroscience · 2019Review
- A Rationale for Mesoscopic Domain Formation in Biomembranes.Biomolecules · 2018Article
- Tracking Endocytosis and Intracellular Trafficking of Epitope-tagged Syntaxin 3 by Antibody Feeding in Live, Polarized MDCK Cells.Bio-protocol · 2018Article
- Monoubiquitination of syntaxin 3 leads to retrieval from the basolateral plasma membrane and facilitates cargo recruitment to exosomes.Molecular biology of the cell · 2017Article
- The packing density of a supramolecular membrane protein cluster is controlled by cytoplasmic interactions.eLife · 2017Article
- Transcriptional expression of myelin basic protein in oligodendrocytes depends on functional syntaxin 4: a potential correlation with autocrine signaling.Molecular and cellular biology · 2015Article
- Organization and dynamics of SNARE proteins in the presynaptic membrane.Frontiers in physiology · 2015Review
- The extracellular δ-domain is essential for the formation of CD81 tetraspanin webs.Biophysical journal · 2014Article
- The dendritic SNARE fusion machinery involved in AMPARs insertion during long-term potentiation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2014Review
- Article
- Membrane cholesterol removal changes mechanical properties of cells and induces secretion of a specific pool of lysosomes.PloS one · 2013Article
- Mechanism of polarized lysosome exocytosis in epithelial cells.Journal of cell science · 2012Article
- Munc18-1 regulates first-phase insulin release by promoting granule docking to multiple syntaxin isoforms.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Cholesterol transport from late endosomes to the Golgi regulates t-SNARE trafficking, assembly, and function.Molecular biology of the cell · 2011Article
- Molecular mechanism of cholesterol- and polyphosphoinositide-mediated syntaxin clustering.Biochemistry · 2011Article
- Transport of the major myelin proteolipid protein is directed by VAMP3 and VAMP7.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Syntaxins 3 and 4 localize to the apical and basolateral plasma membrane, respectively, of epithelial cells where they mediate vesicle fusion. Here, we report that before establishment of cell polarity, syntaxins 3 and 4 are confined to mutually exclusive, submicron-sized clusters. Syntaxin clusters are remarkably uniform in size, independent of expression levels, and are distinct from caveolae and clathrin-coated pits. SNAP-23 partially colocalizes with both syntaxin 3 and 4 clusters. Deletion of the apical targeting signal of syntaxin 3 does not prevent sorting into clusters away from syntaxin 4. Syntaxin 3 and 4 cluster formation depends on different mechanisms because the integrity of syntaxin 3 clusters depends on intact microtubules, whereas syntaxin 4 clusters depend on intact actin filaments. Cholesterol depletion causes dispersion of syntaxin 3 but not syntaxin 4 clusters. In migrating cells, syntaxin clusters polarize to the leading edge, suggesting a role in polarized exocytosis. These results suggest that exocytosis occurs at small fusion sites exhibiting high local concentrations of SNARE proteins that may be required for efficient membrane fusion. The establishment of separate clusters for each syntaxin suggests that the plasma membrane is inherently polarized on an ultrastructural level even before the establishment of true cell polarity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.