ArticleSexually transmitted infections2005
Factors affecting vaginal pH levels among female adolescents attending genitourinary medicine clinics.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of long-term weekly iron and folic acid supplementation on lower genital tract infection - a double blind, randomised controlled trial in Burkina Faso.BMC medicine · 2017Trial
- Scratching the Surface: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Managing Vulvovaginal Itching.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- Aerobic Vaginitis Caused by Enterococcus Faecalis - Clinical Features and Treatment.Materia socio-medica · 2022Review
- Associations between early marriage and preterm delivery: Evidence from lowland Nepal.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2022Article
- The effects of genital myiasis on the diversity of the vaginal microbiota in female Bactrian camels.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Vaginal pH Value for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Vaginitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Gonococcus infection probably acquired from bathing in a natural thermal pool: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2021Article
- Evaluation of different point-of-care tests to characterize the vaginal discharge of sows after parturition and parameters' correlation with subsequent reproductive performance.Porcine health management · 2021Article
- Exogenous Reproductive Hormones nor Candida albicans Colonization Alter the Near Neutral Mouse Vaginal pH.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Vulvar Pruritus: A Review of Clinical Associations, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Distinct Immune Responses Elicited From Cervicovaginal Epithelial Cells by Lactic Acid and Short Chain Fatty Acids Associated With Optimal and Non-optimal Vaginal Microbiota.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Acid Stress Response Mechanisms of Group B Streptococci.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Vaginal and Uterine Bacterial Communities in Postpartum Lactating Cows.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Intravaginal practices and microbicide acceptability in Papua New Guinea: implications for HIV prevention in a moderate-prevalence setting.BMC research notes · 2012Article
- Article
- The aetiology of bacterial vaginosis.Journal of applied microbiology · 2011Review
- Longitudinal changes in vaginal microbiota composition assessed by gram stain among never sexually active pre- and postmenarcheal adolescents in Rakai, Uganda.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2011Article
- Requirements for germination of Clostridium sordellii spores in vitro.Journal of bacteriology · 2010Article
- Findings associated with recurrence of bacterial vaginosis among adolescents attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesVaginal pH is related to hormonal status, and adolescents experience disturbed hormonal patterns following menarche. We assessed hormonal factors and risk of abnormal vaginal pH and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among adolescents attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics.
methodsIn a cross sectional study adolescents within 5 years of menarche, < or =17 years, or with oligo-amenorrhoea were recruited. Vaginal pH and BV were assessed and among those not using hormonal contraceptives, estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G) and pregnanediol-3alpha-glucuronide (P3G) concentrations were measured.
resultsAmong 102 adolescents, 59.8% (61) had a high vaginal pH (>4.5), which was higher than the prevalence of BV, detected in 33% (34). No association was found between presence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and vaginal pH. In logistic regression, after controlling for BV and condom use, vaginal pH was positively associated with cervical ectopy (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6, p = 0.05) and STI treatment history (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 0.9 to 6.5, p = 0.07), and negatively associated with use of Depo-Provera (OR = 0.1; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.6, p = 0.003) and recent onset (<12 months) of sexual activity (OR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7, p = 0.004). Among 23 adolescents not using hormonal contraceptives, a high pH occurred more often in abnormal compared to normal menstrual cycles (OR = 10.8; 95% CI 1.4 to 85.4; p = 0.026). E3G concentrations were inversely correlated with vaginal pH in the follicular phase (Spearman: r = 0.51; p = 0.024).
conclusionsEctopy and abnormal menstrual cycles are common features of adolescence. Their presence is associated with increased risk of abnormal pH, and may also predispose to BV.
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