ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2005
Immunopathogenesis of coronavirus infections: implications for SARS.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 310 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Novel Extracorporeal Treatment to Modulate Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 Patients
Nebulized Heparin vs. Placebo for the Treatment of COVID-19 Induced Lung Injury
INHALEd Unfractionated HEParin for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia
Who cites it
310 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 514 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stem cell therapy in COVID-19: Pooled evidence from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and ARDS: A systematic review.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- CIGB-258, a peptide derived from human heat-shock protein 60, decreases hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients.Cell stress & chaperones · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon alfa-2b in moderate COVID-19: A phase II, randomized, controlled, open-label study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Trial
- Viral Mechanisms and Drug Influences on Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) Pathway in Human Coronaviruses Infection: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Lower airway microbiota compositions and diversity among ventilator-associated pneumonia patients across COVID-19 epidemic phases: a retrospective study.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Prior human endemic coronavirus exposure does not affect humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 S protein disrupts the formation of ISGF3 complex through conserved S2 subunit to antagonize type I interferon response.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- COVID-19 Pneumonia and Cytokine Storm Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- An important call: Suggestion of using IL-10 as therapeutic agent for COVID-19 with ARDS and other complications.Virulence · 2023Review
- Advantages and disadvantages of treatment of experimental ARDS by M2-polarized RAW 264.7 macrophages.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, screen identifies host factors in coronavirus innate immune response as therapeutic targets.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Immunopeptidome profiling of human coronavirus OC43-infected cells identifies CD4 T-cell epitopes specific to seasonal coronaviruses or cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- The Immunomodulatory Role of Cell-Free Approaches in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm-A Powerful Therapeutic Tool for COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Comorbidities and clinical complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an overview.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Does the SARS-CoV-2 spike really have an Achilles heel?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Shedding Lights on the Extracellular Vesicles as Functional Mediator and Therapeutic Decoy for COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
250 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
At the end of 2002, the first cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were reported, and in the following year, SARS resulted in considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. SARS is caused by a novel species of coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and is the most severe coronavirus-mediated human disease that has been described so far. On the basis of similarities with other coronavirus infections, SARS might, in part, be immune mediated. As discussed in this Review, studies of animals that are infected with other coronaviruses indicate that excessive and sometimes dysregulated responses by macrophages and other pro-inflammatory cells might be particularly important in the pathogenesis of disease that is caused by infection with these viruses. It is hoped that lessons from such studies will help us to understand more about the pathogenesis of SARS in humans and to prevent or control outbreaks of SARS in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.