ArticleThe Biochemical journal2006
Amplification and disruption of the phenylacetyl-CoA ligase gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding an aryl-capping enzyme that supplies phenylacetic acid to the isopenicillin N-acyltransferase.
Article in The Biochemical journal, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of targets for high penicillin G production in an industrial strain of Penicillium rubens.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Alternative enzymatic pathways to penicillin antibiotics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Enhancing the β-Oxidation-Like Pathway for the Optimal Production of the Immunosuppressant Mycophenolic Acid.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Targeting of Specialized Metabolites Biosynthetic Enzymes to Membranes and Vesicles by Posttranslational Palmitoylation: A Mechanism of Non-Conventional Traffic and Secretion of Fungal Metabolites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Subcellular localization of fungal specialized metabolites.Fungal biology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Review
- Comparative Molecular Mechanisms of Biosynthesis of Naringenin and Related Chalcones in Actinobacteria and Plants: Relevance for the Obtention of Potent Bioactive Metabolites.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Characterization of the Gene Encoding S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) Synthetase inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Article
- Transport systems, intracellular traffic of intermediates and secretion of β-lactam antibiotics in fungi.Fungal biology and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Genetic Modification ofMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- Key role of LaeA and velvet complex proteins on expression of β-lactam and PR-toxin genes in Penicillium chrysogenum: cross-talk regulation of secondary metabolite pathways.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2017Review
- Expanding the Limits of Thermoacidophily in the Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus by Adaptive Evolution.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Molecular genetics of naringenin biosynthesis, a typical plant secondary metabolite produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus.Microbial cell factories · 2015Article
- Increased penicillin production in Penicillium chrysogenum production strains via balanced overexpression of isopenicillin N acyltransferase.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2012Article
- Peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetases.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2012Review
- Role of peroxisomes in the biosynthesis and secretion of β-lactams and other secondary metabolites.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2012Review
- Proteomics shows new faces for the old penicillin producer Penicillium chrysogenum.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2012Review
- Characterization of an autoinducer of penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A gene, phl, encoding a phenylacetyl-CoA ligase was cloned from a phage library of Penicillium chrysogenum AS-P-78. The presence of five introns in the phl gene was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. The phl gene encoded an aryl-CoA ligase closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase. The Phl protein contained most of the amino acids defining the aryl-CoA (4-coumaroyl-CoA) ligase substrate-specificity code and differed from acetyl-CoA ligase and other acyl-CoA ligases. The phl gene was not linked to the penicillin gene cluster. Amplification of phl in an autonomous replicating plasmid led to an 8-fold increase in phenylacetyl-CoA ligase activity and a 35% increase in penicillin production. Transformants containing the amplified phl gene were resistant to high concentrations of phenylacetic acid (more than 2.5 g/l). Disruption of the phl gene resulted in a 40% decrease in penicillin production and a similar reduction of phenylacetyl-CoA ligase activity. The disrupted mutants were highly susceptible to phenylacetic acid. Complementation of the disrupted mutants with the phl gene restored normal levels of penicillin production and resistance to phenylacetic acid. The phenylacetyl-CoA ligase encoded by the phl gene is therefore involved in penicillin production, although a second aryl-CoA ligase appears to contribute partially to phenylacetic acid activation. The Phl protein lacks a peptide-carrier-protein domain and behaves as an aryl-capping enzyme that activates phenylacetic acid and transfers it to the isopenicillin N acyltransferase. The Phl protein contains the peroxisome-targeting sequence that is also present in the isopenicillin N acyltransferase. The peroxisomal co-localization of these two proteins indicates that the last two enzymes of the penicillin pathway form a peroxisomal functional complex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.