ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2005
Typing African relapsing fever spirochetes.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Data release: targeted systematic literature search for tick and tick-borne pathogen distributions in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 1901 to 2020.Parasites & vectors · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular survey ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Genomic and structural analysis of major antigenic proteins' variability in the human relapsing fever spirocheteCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases in Cameroon: Current understanding and future directions for more comprehensive surveillance.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Spirochaetes from Ethiopia and Nigeria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Development of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Detection of Relapsing Fever Borreliae.Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2020Article
- Case Report and Genetic Sequence Analysis of Candidatus Borrelia kalaharica, Southern Africa.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Ornithodoros savignyi, the Tick Vector of "Candidatus Borrelia kalaharica" in Nigeria.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2018Article
- Relapsing Fevers: Neglected Tick-Borne Diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- First insights in the variability of Borrelia recurrentis genomes.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Tick-Borne African Relapsing Fevers: Latest Developments.Frontiers in public health · 2015Review
- The prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi infection, and co-infections with other Borrelia spp. in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Canada.Parasites & vectors · 2014Article
- Relapsing fever borreliae in Africa.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2013Review
- Multiplex real-time PCR diagnostic of relapsing fevers in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Article
- Phylogenetic analysis of the spirochete Borrelia microti, a potential agent of relapsing fever in Iran.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
- Endemic foci of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia crocidurae in Mali, West Africa, and the potential for human infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2012Article
- Multispacer sequence typing relapsing fever Borreliae in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2012Article
- Tickborne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia persica, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.Emerging infectious diseases · 2011Article
- Molecular characterization of Borrelia persica, the agent of tick borne relapsing fever in Israel and the Palestinian Authority.PloS one · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Relapsing fever Borrelia spp. challenge microbiologic typing because they possess segmented genomes that maintain essential genes on large linear plasmids. Antigenic variation further complicates typing. Intergenic spacer (IGS, between 16S-23S genes) heterogeneity provides resolution among Lyme disease-associated and some relapsing fever spirochetes. We used an IGS fragment for typing East African relapsing fever Borrelia spp. Borrelia recurrentis and their louse vectors showed 2 sequence types, while 4 B. duttonii and their tick vectors had 4 types. IGS typing was unable to discriminate between the tick- and louseborne forms of disease. B. crocidurae, also present in Africa, was clearly resolved from the B. recurrentis/B. duttonii complex. IGS analysis of ticks showed relapsing fever Borrelia spp. and a unique clade, distant from those associated with relapsing fever, possibly equivalent to a novel species in ticks from this region. Clinical significance of this spirochete is undetermined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.