ArticleAmerican journal of public health2006
Urban-rural inequalities in ischemic heart disease in Scotland, 1981-1999.
Article in American journal of public health, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Temperature-related mortality and associated vulnerabilities: evidence from Scotland using extended time-series datasets.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of published interventions for primary and secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in rural populations of Australia.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Cardiovascular medication utilization and adherence among adults living in rural and urban areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2014Pooled it
- Measuring participant rurality in Web-based interventions.BMC public health · 2007Trial
- Cardiovascular mortality and risk behaviours by degree of urbanization before, during and after the economic crisis in Spain.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Urbanization is Associated with Increased Trends in Cardiovascular Mortality Among Indigenous Populations: the PAI Study.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2018Article
- Article
- Rural-Urban Differences in Chronic Disease and Drug Utilization in Older Oregonians.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2016Article
- A comparison of age-standardised event rates for acute and chronic coronary heart disease in metropolitan and regional/remote Victoria: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Geographic and socioeconomic variations in adolescent toothbrushing: a multilevel cross-sectional study of 15 year olds in Scotland.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2015Article
- Urban-rural differences in adolescent eating behaviour: a multilevel cross-sectional study of 15-year-olds in Scotland.Public health nutrition · 2014Article
- Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in adolescent smoking: a multilevel cross-sectional study of 15 year olds in Scotland.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2014Article
- Distance from treatment facility and risk of death from cardiovascular and infectious causes in renal transplant patients.Indian journal of nephrology · 2013Article
- Is the health of people living in rural areas different from those in cities? Evidence from routine data linked with the Scottish Health Survey.BMC health services research · 2012Article
- Trends and inequalities in short-term acute myocardial infarction case fatality in Scotland, 1988-2004.Population health metrics · 2010Article
- Unravelling the extent of inequalities in health across urban and rural areas: evidence from a national sample in England.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2009Article
- Urban-rural differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the United States: 1999-2009.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
- Rurality and event-free survival in patients with heart failure.Heart & lung : the journal of critical careArticle
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Abstract
objectivesWe sought to describe the pattern and magnitude of urban-rural variation in ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Scotland and to examine the associations among IHD health indicators, level of rurality, and degree of socioeconomic deprivation.
methodsWe used routine population and health data on the population aged 40-74 years between 1981 and 1999 and living in 826 small areas (average population=5600) in Scotland. Three IHD health indicators-mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 population), rates of continuous hospital stays (discharges per 100,000 population), and rates of mortality in the hospital or within 28 days of discharge (MH+) were analyzed with multilevel Poisson models. A 4-level rurality classification was used: urban areas, remote small towns, accessible rural areas, and remote rural areas.
resultsRates of mortality, continuous hospital stays, and MH+ increased with area socioeconomic deprivation. After adjustment for population age, gender, and deprivation, the relative risk of IHD mortality in remote rural areas was similar to that of urban areas in 1981; the relative risk of a continuous hospital stay was significantly lower (relative risk [RR] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64, 0.76) and the relative risk of MH+ was higher (RR=1.18; 95% CI=1.04, 1.35) in remote rural areas. Mortality and MH+ declined for all ruralities over time. However, MH+ remains highest in remote rural areas and remote towns.
conclusionsLow standardized ratios of IHD continuous hospital stays and mortality in remote rural areas mask health problems among rural populations. Although absolute and relative differences between urban and rural rates of MH+ have diminished, the relative risk of MH+ remains high in remote rural areas.
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