ArticleThe Journal of hospital infection2006
Virucidal activity of a new hand disinfectant with reduced ethanol content: comparison with other alcohol-based formulations.
Article in The Journal of hospital infection, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensitivity Evaluation of Enveloped and Non-enveloped Viruses to Ethanol Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review.Food and environmental virology · 2024Pooled it
- Alcohol-based hand sanitisers as first line of defence against SARS-CoV-2: a review of biology, chemistry and formulations.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Guideline
- Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- The Effect of Alcohol-Based Virucidal Hand Sanitizers on Skin Barrier Function-A Randomised Experimental Study.Contact dermatitis · 2025Trial
- Beyond quaternary ammonium compounds: Evaluating the harms of non-QAC disinfectant agents in healthcare and industry.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of action of microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- S2k-Guideline hand antisepsis and hand hygiene.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
- The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-Zoonotic Avian Influenza andApplied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2023Review
- Efficacy of biocidal agents and disinfectants against the monkeypox virus and other orthopoxviruses.The Journal of hospital infection · 2022Review
- Ethanol is indispensable for virucidal hand antisepsis: memorandum from the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) Task Force, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, and the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Review
- Effect of Sanitizer on obliteration of SARS -CoV2/COVID 19: A mini review.Materials today. Proceedings · 2022Article
- Norovirus transmission mitigation strategies during simulated produce harvest and packing.International journal of food microbiology · 2021Article
- Virucidal Activity of Plant Extracts against African Swine Fever Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Alcohol abrogates human norovirus infectivity in a pH-dependent manner.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Virucidal Action Mechanism of Alcohol and Divalent Cations Against Human Adenovirus.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus in Fresh Produce and Production Environments, and the Effect of Disinfection Procedures: A Review.Food and environmental virology · 2018Review
- Efficacy of ethanol against viruses in hand disinfection.The Journal of hospital infection · 2018Review
- Evaluation of green tea extract as a safe personal hygiene against viral infections.Journal of biological engineering · 2018Article
- Quantitative Risk Assessment of Norovirus Transmission in Food Establishments: Evaluating the Impact of Intervention Strategies and Food Employee Behavior on the Risk Associated with Norovirus in Foods.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A new formula with reduced ethanol content (55%) in combination with 10% propan-1-ol, 5.9% propan-1.2-diol, 5.7% butan-1.3-diol and 0.7% phosphoric acid exhibited a broad spectrum of virucidal activity. In quantitative suspension tests, with and without protein load, this formulation reduced the infectivity titre of seven enveloped (influenza A and B, herpes simplex 1 and 2, bovine corona, respiratory syncytial, vaccinia, hepatitis B, bovine viral diarrhoea) and four non-enveloped (hepatitis A, polio, rota, feline calici) viruses >10(3)-fold within 30s. In comparative testing, only 95% ethanol showed similar levels of activity. In fingerpad tests, the formulation produced a log10 reduction factor of the titre of poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) of 3.04 in 30s compared with 1.32 by 60% propan-2-ol. Testing against feline calicivirus produced a log10 reduction factor of 2.38 by the test formulation; in contrast, the log10 reduction factors with 70% ethanol and 70% propan-1-ol were 0.68 and 0.70, respectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.