ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2005
The impact of clinical trials on the use of hormone replacement therapy. A population-based study.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estrogen alone in postmenopausal women and breast cancer detection by means of mammography and breast biopsy.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2010Trial
- Insights into Singaporean Physicians' Knowledge and Attitudes on Menopause Hormone Therapy.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2025Article
- Hormone exposure and venous thromboembolism in commercially insured women aged 50 to 64 years.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Estrogen, brain structure, and cognition in postmenopausal women.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
- Observational
- Sources of information influencing the state-of-the-science gap in hormone replacement therapy usage.PloS one · 2017Article
- Long-term overall and disease-specific mortality associated with benign gynecologic surgery performed at different ages.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Economic return from the Women's Health Initiative estrogen plus progestin clinical trial: a modeling study.Annals of internal medicine · 2014Article
- Ovarian cancer incidence trends in relation to changing patterns of menopausal hormone therapy use in the United States.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2013Article
- Effectiveness of yoga for menopausal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2012Article
- Probable tacrolimus toxicity from tibolone co-administration in a woman: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2010Article
- Why do stress and urge incontinence co-occur much more often than expected?International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction · 2008Review
- Does the evidence make a difference in consumer behavior? Sales of supplements before and after publication of negative research results.Journal of general internal medicine · 2008Article
- Determinants of hormone therapy discontinuation among female veterans nationally.Military medicine · 2008Article
- How the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) influenced physicians' practice and attitudes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2007Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe last 5 years of trial data demonstrate the ineffectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The impact of these trials on age-specific HRT use, HRT discontinuation, and regional HRT variation has not been evaluated extensively.
objectiveTo characterize the relation between HRT trial dissemination and age-specific HRT use, HRT discontinuation, and regional HRT variation before and after the trials' publication.
designUsing the Medco Health database, we analyzed HRT prescription filling, discontinuation, and regional variation among women > or =55 years from May 1998 to May 2003. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsApproximately 340,000 women were eligible for Medco benefits each month. Within 3 months of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), HRT prescriptions declined from 12.5% to 9.4%, P< or =.0001. When stratified by age, a statistically significant decline in HRT post-WHI occurred in all age groups, with the biggest decline among women > or =55 to 64 (18% to 11%, P< or =.0001). Among HRT users, we found statistically significant increases in discontinuation in 2002 (67%) compared with 2001 (53%, P<.0001). Prior to the WHI there was substantial regional variation in HRT use, with the West South Central and mid-Atlantic having the highest and lowest proportions, respectively (19% vs 6%, P< or =.0001). Despite a relative decline in HRT use of 25% to 42% across all regions, substantial geographic variation remained.
conclusionsHormone replacement therapy use decreased significantly immediately post-WHI, suggesting that trial results can have a rapid effect on practice. Marked regional variation in HRT use persisted after the WHI, suggesting that local practice patterns exert a strong effect on clinical behavior even after new evidence is available.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.