ArticleJournal of virology2005
Activation of the ATR pathway by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr involves its direct binding to chromatin in vivo.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA damage induced by HIV-1 Vpr triggers epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional programs to enhance virus transcription and latency reactivation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- HIV Vpr activates a nucleolar-specific ATR pathway to degrade the nucleolar stress sensor CCDC137.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Neurotropic Viruses as Acute and Insidious Drivers of Aging.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4Viruses · 2024Review
- Inhibition of ATM-directed antiviral responses by HIV-1 Vif.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Viral Modulation of the DNA Damage Response and Innate Immunity: Two Sides of the Same Coin.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 triggers DNA damage response in Vero E6 cells.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2021Article
- Emergence and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV to target host cells and potential therapeutics.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2020Review
- Article
- HIV-1 and HIV-1-Tat Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Neurons.Journal of HIV and AIDS · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle arrest and enhances viral gene expression by depleting CCDC137.eLife · 2020Article
- The Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus NSs Protein Interacts with CDK1 To Induce GJournal of virology · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Vpr counteracts HLTF-mediated restriction of HIV-1 infection in T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Deregulates the Cell Cycle To Promote Viral Replication and a Premalignant Phenotype.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Structural alteration of DNA induced by viral protein R of HIV-1 triggers the DNA damage response.Retrovirology · 2018Article
- Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- HIV-1 Vpr protein directly loads helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) onto the CRL4-DCAF1 E3 ubiquitin ligase.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- Making Sense of Multifunctional Proteins: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Accessory and Regulatory Proteins and Connections to Transcription.Annual review of virology · 2017Review
- Deficiency in DNA damage response, a new characteristic of cells infected with latent HIV-1.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2017Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protein Vpr (viral protein R) arrests cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, a process that requires activation of the ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related) pathway. In this study we demonstrate that the expression of Vpr does not cause DNA double-strand breaks but rather induces ATR activation, as indicated by induction of Chk1 phosphorylation and the formation of gamma-H2AX and 53BP1 nuclear foci. We define a C-terminal domain containing repeated H(F/S)RIG sequences required for Vpr-induced activation of ATR. Further investigation of the mechanism by which Vpr activates the ATR pathway reveals an increase in chromatin binding of replication protein A (RPA) upon Vpr expression. Immunostaining shows that RPA localizes to nuclear foci in Vpr-expressing cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate direct binding of Vpr to chromatin in vivo, whereas Vpr C-terminal domain mutants lose this chromatin-binding activity. These data support a mechanism whereby HIV-1 Vpr induces ATR activation by targeting the host cell DNA and probably interfering with normal DNA replication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.