ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Fast noninvasive activation and inhibition of neural and network activity by vertebrate rhodopsin and green algae channelrhodopsin.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 268 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
268 citing papers in PubMed, 542 citations in OpenAlex.
- An opto-microperfusion neural probe for multiplexed detection of optogenetically evoked neurochemical release dynamics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Brain-Computer Interfaces: The Dawn of a New Era in Disease Treatment.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Achieving cell-type specific transduction with adeno-associated viral vectors in pigeons.Current research in neurobiology · 2026Article
- Multi-site temporal control of optogenetic stimulation enhances firing frequencies in peripheral nerves.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Optogenetic induction of subcellular CaCommunications biology · 2025Article
- Two Decades of Optogenetic Tools: A Retrospective and a Look Ahead.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Reactivating the phototransduction cascade with a mutation agnostic gene therapy preserves vision in rod-cone dystrophies.iScience · 2025Article
- Optogenetic engineering for ion channel modulation.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2025Review
- Light-based technologies in immunotherapy: advances, mechanisms and applications.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Selective optogenetic inhibition of GαProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Characterization of the tail current of Channelrhodopsin-2 variants.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- A bistable inhibitory optoGPCR for multiplexed optogenetic control of neural circuits.Nature methods · 2024Article
- RhoMax: Computational Prediction of Rhodopsin Absorption Maxima Using Geometric Deep Learning.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2024Article
- Article
- Neurophotonics: a comprehensive review, current challenges and future trends.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Optical Approaches for Investigating Neuromodulation and G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Highly sensitive visual restoration and protection via ectopic expression of chimeric rhodopsin in mice.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Optical EUS Activation to Relax Sensitized Micturition Response.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A short story on how chromophore is hydrolyzed from rhodopsin for recycling.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2023Review
208 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Techniques for fast noninvasive control of neuronal excitability will be of major importance for analyzing and understanding neuronal networks and animal behavior. To develop these tools we demonstrated that two light-activated signaling proteins, vertebrate rat rhodopsin 4 (RO4) and the green algae channelrhodospin 2 (ChR2), could be used to control neuronal excitability and modulate synaptic transmission. Vertebrate rhodopsin couples to the Gi/o, pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway to allow modulation of G protein-gated inward rectifying potassium channels and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Light-mediated activation of RO4 in cultured hippocampal neurons reduces neuronal firing within ms by hyperpolarization of the somato-dendritic membrane and when activated at presynaptic sites modulates synaptic transmission and paired-pulse facilitation. In contrast, somato-dendritic activation of ChR2 depolarizes neurons sufficiently to induce immediate action potentials, which precisely follow the ChR2 activation up to light stimulation frequencies of 20 Hz. To demonstrate that these constructs are useful for regulating network behavior in intact organisms, embryonic chick spinal cords were electroporated with either construct, allowing the frequency of episodes of spontaneous bursting activity, known to be important for motor circuit formation, to be precisely controlled. Thus light-activated vertebrate RO4 and green algae ChR2 allow the antagonistic control of neuronal function within ms to s in a precise, reversible, and noninvasive manner in cultured neurons and intact vertebrate spinal cords.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.