Trial reportBlood2006
IL-2 administration increases CD4+ CD25(hi) Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in cancer patients.
Trial report in Blood, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02772679 (A Phase 1 Trial of CD4+CD127lo/-CD25+ Polyclonal Treg Adoptive Immunotherapy With Interleukin-2 for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 316 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1 Trial of CD4+CD127lo/-CD25+ Polyclonal Treg Adoptive Immunotherapy With Interleukin-2 for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
316 citing papers in PubMed, 608 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-2 mutein-engrafted antibody MHS552 selectively expands functional regulatory T cells in nonclinical models and healthy participants.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Bempegaldesleukin Plus Nivolumab in Untreated Advanced Melanoma: The Open-Label, Phase III PIVOT IO 001 Trial Results.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Bempegaldesleukin selectively depletes intratumoral Tregs and potentiates T cell-mediated cancer therapy.Nature communications · 2020Trial
- Efficacy and immunologic effects of extracorporeal photopheresis plus interleukin-2 in chronic graft-versus-host disease.Blood advances · 2019Trial
- Combined treatment with ipilimumab and intratumoral interleukin-2 in pretreated patients with stage IV melanoma-safety and efficacy in a phase II study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2017Trial
- Intralesional administration of L19-IL2/L19-TNF in stage III or stage IVM1a melanoma patients: results of a phase II study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Trial
- Dose-finding/phase II trial: bevacizumab, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy (BIC) in metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Antitumor effects and variations of circulating T regulatory cells (Treg).Targeted oncology · 2015Trial
- Therapeutic DC vaccination with IL-2 as a consolidation therapy for ovarian cancer patients: a phase I/II trial.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2015Trial
- Ex vivo-expanded natural killer cells demonstrate robust proliferation in vivo in high-risk relapsed multiple myeloma patients.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Effects of cyclophosphamide and IL-2 on regulatory CD4+ T cell frequency and function in melanoma patients vaccinated with HLA-class I peptides: impact on the antigen-specific T cell response.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2013Trial
- High immune response rates and decreased frequencies of regulatory T cells in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients after tumor cell vaccination.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2013Trial
- Metastatic melanoma patients treated with dendritic cell vaccination, Interleukin-2 and metronomic cyclophosphamide: results from a phase II trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2012Trial
- IL-15 trans-presentation at the innate-adaptive interface: mechanisms and translation in cancer immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- mRNA-based immunotherapy improves the efficacy of adoptively transferred TCR transgenic T cells in a murine solid tumour model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Engineered probioticScience advances · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells as a potential treatment for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- Cergutuzumab Amunaleukin in Combination with Atezolizumab in Patients with Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Positive Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
256 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is historically known as a T-cell growth factor. Accumulating evidence from knockout mice suggests that IL-2 is crucial for the homeostasis and function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in vivo. However, the impact of administered IL-2 in an immune intact host has not been studied in rodents or humans. Here, we studied the impact of IL-2 administration on the frequency and function of human CD4+ CD25(hi) T cells in immune intact patients with melanoma or renal cancer. We found that the frequency of CD4+ CD25(hi) T cells was significantly increased after IL-2 treatment, and these cells expressed phenotypic markers associated with regulatory T cells. In addition, both transcript and protein levels of Foxp3, a transcription factor exclusively expressed on regulatory T cells, were consistently increased in CD4 T cells following IL-2 treatment. Functional analysis of the increased number of CD4+ CD25(hi) T cells revealed that this population exhibited potent suppressive activity in vitro. Collectively, our results demonstrate that administration of high-dose IL-2 increased the frequency of circulating CD4+ CD25(hi) Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Our findings suggest that selective inhibition of IL-2-mediated enhancement of regulatory T cells may improve the therapeutic effectiveness of IL-2 administration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.