ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2006
Intracellular trafficking of plasmids during transfection is mediated by microtubules.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electroporation outcomes in human Jurkat cells are affected by exposure to simulated microgravity.Research square · 2026Article
- Co-Transfected Plasmids Enhance Transient Expression of Reporter Genes.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2026Article
- Anticodon-edited transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs) encoded as therapeutic nonviral minimal DNA vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Emerging Roles of Tubulin Isoforms and Their Post-Translational Modifications in Microtubule-Based Transport and Cellular Functions.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- VRK1 co-delivery mitigates DNA clustering by BAF in TFAMoplex transfection.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Anticodon Edited Transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs) Encoded as Therapeutic Nonviral Minimal DNA Vectors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- CRISPR-Cas technologies: Emerging tools from research to clinical application.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Electroporation- and Liposome-Mediated Co-Transfection of Single and Multiple Plasmids.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Mapping cellular processes that determine delivery of plasmid DNA to the nucleus: application in Chinese hamster ovary and human embryonic kidney cells to enhance protein production.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Lipid-based Non-viral Vector: Promising Approach for Gene Delivery.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Factors affecting rAAV titers during triple-plasmid transient transfection in HEK-293 cells.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Retarding breast tumor growth with nanoparticle-facilitated intravenous delivery of BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2021Review
- Physical and mechanical cues affecting biomaterial-mediated plasmid DNA delivery: insights into non-viral delivery systems.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2021Review
- "What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger": Future Applications of Amyloid Aggregates in Biomedicine.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Barriers and Strategies of Cationic Liposomes for Cancer Gene Therapy.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2020Review
- Efficiency of Cytosolic Delivery with Poly(β-amino ester) Nanoparticles is Dependent on the Effective pACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2020Article
- Designer Amyloid Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Potential Use as Gene Transfer Vehicles.Biomolecules · 2019Article
- Development of a laboratory scalable process for enhancing lentivirus production by transient transfection of HEK293 adherent cultures.Gene therapy · 2019Article
- Synthetic Approaches for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Choosing the Right Carriers.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Little is known about how plasmids move through the cytoplasm to the nucleus. It has been suggested that the dense latticework of the cytoskeleton impedes free diffusion of large macromolecules, including DNA. However, since transfections do work, there must be mechanisms by which DNA circumvents cytoplasmic obstacles. One possibility is that plasmids become cargo on cytoskeletal motors, much like viruses do, and move to the nucleus in a directed fashion. Using microinjection and electroporation approaches in the presence of drugs that alter the dynamics and organization of the cytoskeleton, we show that microtubules are involved in plasmid trafficking to the nucleus. Further, by co-injecting inhibitory antibodies, we find that dynein likely facilitates this movement. These results were confirmed using an in vitro spin-down assay that demonstrated that plasmids bind to microtubules through adaptor proteins provided by cytoplasmic extracts. Taken together, these results suggest that plasmids, like most viruses, utilize the microtubule network and its associated motor proteins to traffic through the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.