SynthesisDrugs2005
Continuous versus intermittent intravenous administration of antibacterials with time-dependent action: a systematic review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.
Synthesis in Drugs, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose optimization of β-lactams antibiotics in pediatrics and adults: A systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes with alternative dosing strategies for piperacillin/tazobactam: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Continuous versus intermittent infusions of antibiotics for the treatment of severe acute infections.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Efficacy of Continuous vs. Intermittent Administration of Cefepime in Adult ICU Patients with Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteremia: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pleuromutilin Derivatives Containing 6-Chloro-1-R-1Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Strategies to enhance rational use of antibiotics in hospital: a guideline by the German Society for Infectious Diseases.Infection · 2016Article
- Risk factors for target non-attainment during empirical treatment with β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients.Intensive care medicine · 2014Article
- Dose optimisation of antibiotics in children: application of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in paediatrics.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2014Review
- Continuous beta-lactam infusion in critically ill patients: the clinical evidence.Annals of intensive care · 2012Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2009Review
- Review
- Use of pharmacodynamic principles to optimise dosage regimens for antibacterial agents in the elderly.Drugs & aging · 2007Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of randomised clinical trials to evaluate the comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the continuous versus intermittent mode of intravenous administration of various antibacterials. Data were identified from PubMed (January 1950 to January 2005), Current Contents, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and references from relevant articles and reviews. Seventeen randomised clinical trials comparing continuous with intermittent intravenous administration of the same antibacterial regimen and examining the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties were included in this systematic review. We reviewed data regarding the clinical setting, number of participants, antibacterial agents and dosages used, as well as maximum serum concentration (Cmax), trough serum concentration (Cmin), steady-state or plateau serum concentration (Css), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) [T>MIC], AUC: MIC, elimination rate constant, elimination half-life, volume of distribution and systematic clearance. The mean Cmax of the intermittently administered antibacterials was higher compared with Css achieved by the continuous infusion of the same antibacterial in all eligible studies (Cmax was on average 5.5 times higher than Css, range 1.9-11.2). Css was on average 5.8 times higher than the Cmin of the intermittently administered antibacterials (range 1.2-15.6). In three of six studies the length of time that the drug concentration was above the MIC of the responsible pathogens was longer in patients receiving the antibacterials continuously. In conclusion, the reviewed data suggest that the continuous intravenous infusion of antibacterials with time-dependent bacterial killing seems to be superior than the intermittent intravenous administration, from a pharmacodynamic point of view, at least when treating bacteria with high MIC values for the studied antibacterials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.